Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Endocr Rev. 2019 Aug 1;40(4):1092-1107. doi: 10.1210/er.2018-00283.
Serotonin is a phylogenetically ancient biogenic amine that has played an integral role in maintaining energy homeostasis for billions of years. In mammals, serotonin produced within the central nervous system regulates behavior, suppresses appetite, and promotes energy expenditure by increasing sympathetic drive to brown adipose tissue. In addition to these central circuits, emerging evidence also suggests an important role for peripheral serotonin as a factor that enhances nutrient absorption and storage. Specifically, glucose and fatty acids stimulate the release of serotonin from the duodenum, promoting gut peristalsis and nutrient absorption. Serotonin also enters the bloodstream and interacts with multiple organs, priming the body for energy storage by promoting insulin secretion and de novo lipogenesis in the liver and white adipose tissue, while reducing lipolysis and the metabolic activity of brown and beige adipose tissue. Collectively, peripheral serotonin acts as an endocrine factor to promote the efficient storage of energy by upregulating lipid anabolism. Pharmacological inhibition of serotonin synthesis or signaling in key metabolic tissues are potential drug targets for obesity, type 2 diabetes, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
血清素是一种演化上古老的生物胺，在数亿年的时间里对维持能量平衡起着至关重要的作用。在哺乳动物中，中枢神经系统产生的血清素通过增加对棕色脂肪组织的交感神经驱动来调节行为、抑制食欲和促进能量消耗。除了这些中枢回路外，新出现的证据还表明，外周血清素作为一种增强营养吸收和储存的因素具有重要作用。具体来说，葡萄糖和脂肪酸刺激十二指肠释放血清素，促进肠道蠕动和营养吸收。血清素也进入血液并与多个器官相互作用，通过促进肝脏和白色脂肪组织中的胰岛素分泌和从头脂肪生成，为能量储存做好准备，同时减少脂肪分解和棕色和米色脂肪组织的代谢活性。总的来说，外周血清素作为一种内分泌因子，通过上调脂质合成代谢来促进能量的有效储存。在关键代谢组织中抑制血清素合成或信号传递可能是肥胖、2 型糖尿病和非酒精性脂肪性肝病 (NAFLD) 的潜在药物靶点。
