Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Clinic Sonnenhalde, Riehen, Switzerland.
J Psychiatr Res. 2019 Jun;113:58-64. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.03.011. Epub 2019 Mar 15.
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most burdensome disorders worldwide. While exercise training in patients with MDD contributes to clinically relevant improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness, whether and to what degree changes in cardiorespiratory fitness impact depressive symptom severity has not yet been addressed systematically in prior research. The purpose of our study was threefold. Firstly, to examine whether baseline levels and improvements in objectively assessed VOmax and subjectively perceived fitness predicted endpoint levels and change in depressive symptoms, wellbeing and sleep. Secondly, to determine whether exercise modality (sprint interval training [SIT]) versus continuous aerobic exercise training [CAT]) predicted depressive symptoms, wellbeing and sleep. Thirdly, whether the affective responses during and following exercise predicted depressive symptoms, wellbeing and sleep. All measurements were taken in a sample of inpatients diagnosed with MDD. The sample consisted of 53 participants (41 women and 12 men, M = 36.3 years, SD = 11.3) with unipolar depression who were randomly assigned to SIT and CAT. Data were assessed at baseline and after four weeks of exercise training (including three weekly 35 min sessions). Multiple linear regression analyses showed that improvements in VOmax were associated with fewer depressive symptoms, better mental wellbeing, and better sleep after completion of the intervention. Additionally, improvements in perceived fitness were associated with fewer dysfunctional sleep-related cognitions and higher mental toughness post-intervention. Improvements in VO2max and perceived fitness were also associated with favorable changes in depressive symptoms, mental wellbeing, and sleep. More research is needed to find out which fitness tests are most time- and cost-efficient in a clinical setting and most acceptable for psychiatric patients.
重度抑郁症（MDD）是全球最具负担性的疾病之一。尽管运动训练可以使 MDD 患者的心肺适能得到临床相关的改善，但心肺适能的变化是否以及在多大程度上影响抑郁症状的严重程度，在之前的研究中尚未得到系统解决。我们的研究目的有三。首先，检验基线水平和客观评估的 VOmax 以及主观感知的健康水平的改善是否可以预测终点水平和抑郁症状、幸福感和睡眠的变化。其次，确定有氧运动训练（CAT）与冲刺间歇训练（SIT）是否可以预测抑郁症状、幸福感和睡眠。最后，检验运动过程中和运动后的情感反应是否可以预测抑郁症状、幸福感和睡眠。所有测量均在患有 MDD 的住院患者样本中进行。该样本包括 53 名参与者（41 名女性和 12 名男性，M=36.3 岁，SD=11.3），他们患有单相抑郁症，被随机分配到 SIT 和 CAT 组。数据在基线和四周的运动训练后（包括每周三次 35 分钟的训练）进行评估。多元线性回归分析表明，VOmax 的改善与干预完成后抑郁症状减少、心理健康状况改善和睡眠质量提高有关。此外，感知健康水平的改善与干预后睡眠相关认知障碍减少和心理韧性提高有关。VO2max 和感知健康水平的改善也与抑郁症状、心理健康状况和睡眠的有利变化有关。需要进一步的研究来确定哪些体能测试在临床环境中最省时、最经济，对精神科患者最容易接受。
