Kredl F, Kren K
Vet Med (Praha). 1986 Jul;31(7):423-32.
In 1983 and 1984, in the State Veterinary Institute at Jihlava, 129 samples of eggs of wild birds of 14 species were analyzed coming from different regions of the Czech Socialist Republic for the presence of residues of chlorinated pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB). Apart from this, nine samples of hawk fat and 27 samples of buzzard fat were examined. The method of gas chromatography with a detector of electron capture was used for the analysis. The analyzed samples were found to contain residues of PCB, DDT (and mainly its metabolite DDE), HCB, alpha-HCH, gamma-HCH. No residues of other chlorinated carbohydrates were detected. The residue levels of these substances in the eggs and fatty tissues of different species of wild birds vary within a very wide range. A significant influence is exerted on these levels by the differences in food spectrum, the age of the birds, lack of food causing mobilization of food reserves, and mainly the environment where the birds live. The highest levels of residues were found in the eggs and fatty tissues of predatory birds with a narrow spectrum of food, i.e. those feeding on other birds (sparrow-hawk 33.00 mg.kg-1 in the dry matter of eggs, hawk 239.98 mg.kg-1 in fat) or those associated with water (great crested grebe 11.97 mg.kg-1, sea-gull 11.24 mg.kg-1 in the dry matter of eggs). Much lower levels of the residues of the chemicals were recorded in the species feeding mainly on small rodents (kestrel 0.681 mg.kg-1, buzzard 2.456 mg.kg-1 in the dry matter of eggs and 11.398 mg.kg-1 in fat). Some of the samples under study contained dead embryos. These embryos had particularly high residue levels, often higher than the levels regarded in literature as toxic.
1983年和1984年,在伊赫拉瓦的国家兽医研究所,对来自捷克斯洛伐克社会主义共和国不同地区的14种野生鸟类的129份鸟蛋样本进行了分析,以检测其中氯代农药和多氯联苯(PCB)的残留情况。除此之外,还检测了9份鹰脂肪样本和27份秃鹫脂肪样本。分析采用带有电子捕获检测器的气相色谱法。经分析,样本中含有PCB、滴滴涕(主要是其代谢物滴滴伊)、六氯苯、α-六六六、γ-六六六的残留。未检测到其他氯代碳水化合物的残留。这些物质在不同种类野生鸟类的鸟蛋和脂肪组织中的残留水平差异很大。食物谱的差异、鸟类的年龄、食物短缺导致食物储备的动用,尤其是鸟类生活的环境,对这些水平有显著影响。在食物谱较窄的食肉鸟类的鸟蛋和脂肪组织中发现了最高的残留水平,即那些以其他鸟类为食的鸟类(雀鹰在鸟蛋干物质中的含量为33.00毫克/千克,鹰在脂肪中的含量为239.98毫克/千克)或与水相关的鸟类(凤头䴙䴘在鸟蛋干物质中的含量为11.97毫克/千克,海鸥在鸟蛋干物质中的含量为11.24毫克/千克)。主要以小型啮齿动物为食的物种(红隼在鸟蛋干物质中的含量为0.681毫克/千克,秃鹫在鸟蛋干物质中的含量为2.456毫克/千克,在脂肪中的含量为11.398毫克/千克)中化学物质的残留水平要低得多。一些被研究的样本中含有死胚胎。这些胚胎的残留水平特别高,往往高于文献中认为有毒的水平。