Garmendia Alfonso, Beltrán Roberto, Zornoza Carlos, García-Breijo Francisco J, Reig José, Raigón María Dolores, Merle Hugo
Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo, Universitat Politècnica de València.
Departamento de Ecosistemas Agroforestales, Universitat Politècnica de València.
J Vis Exp. 2019 Mar 6(145). doi: 10.3791/59258.
Phytotron has been widely used to assess the effect of numerous parameters on the development of many species. However, less information is available on how to achieve fast profuse flowering in young fruit trees with this plant growth chamber. This study aimed to outline the design and performance of a fast clear methodology to force flowering in young mandarin trees (cv. Nova and cv. Clemenules) and to analyze the influence of induction intensity on inflorescence type. The combination of a short water stress period with simulated spring conditions (day 13 h, 22 °C, night 11 h, 12 °C) in the phytotron allowed flowers to be obtained only after 68-72 days from the time the experiment began. Low-temperature requirements were adequately replaced with water stress. Floral response was proportional to water stress (measured as the number of fallen leaves): the greater the induction, the larger the quantity of flowers. Floral induction intensity also influenced inflorescence type and dates for flowering. Details on artificial lighting (lumens), photoperiod, temperatures, plant size and age, induction strategy and days for each stage are provided. Obtaining flowers from fruit trees at any time, and also several times a year, can have many advantages for researchers. With the methodology proposed herein, three, or even four, flowering periods can be forced each year, and researchers should be able to decide when, and they will know, the duration of the entire process. The methodology can be useful for: flower production and in vitro pollen germination assays; experiments with pests that affect early fruit development stages; studies on fruit physiological alterations. All this can help plant breeders to shorten times to obtain male and female gametes to perform forced-crosses.
植物人工气候室已被广泛用于评估众多参数对许多物种生长发育的影响。然而，关于如何利用这种植物生长室使幼龄果树快速大量开花的信息却较少。本研究旨在概述一种促使幼龄柑橘树（诺瓦和克莱门内斯品种）开花的快速明确方法的设计与性能，并分析诱导强度对花序类型的影响。在植物人工气候室内，将短期水分胁迫期与模拟春季条件（白天13小时，22℃；夜间11小时，12℃）相结合，使得从实验开始仅68 - 72天后就能获得花朵。低温需求通过水分胁迫得到了充分替代。花的响应与水分胁迫成正比（以落叶数量衡量）：诱导程度越高，花的数量就越多。花诱导强度也会影响花序类型和开花日期。文中还提供了关于人工照明（流明）、光周期、温度、植株大小和年龄、诱导策略以及每个阶段天数的详细信息。随时从果树上获取花朵，甚至一年多次获取花朵，对研究人员来说可能有诸多益处。采用本文提出的方法，每年可以促使三个甚至四个开花期，研究人员应该能够决定何时开花，并且他们会知道整个过程的持续时间。该方法可用于：花卉生产和体外花粉萌发试验；针对影响果实早期发育阶段害虫的实验；果实生理变化研究。所有这些都有助于植物育种者缩短获取雌雄配子以进行强制杂交的时间。
