ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
Endocrinology. 2019 May 1;160(5):1262-1274. doi: 10.1210/en.2019-00098.
tRNAs are crucial noncoding RNA molecules that serve as amino acid carriers during protein synthesis. The transcription of tRNA genes is a highly regulated process. The tRNA pool is tissue and cell specific, it varies during development, and it is modulated by the environment. tRNAs are highly posttranscriptionally modified by specific tRNA-modifying enzymes. The tRNA modification signature of a cell determines the tRNA epitranscriptome. Perturbations in the tRNA epitranscriptome, as a consequence of mutations in tRNAs and tRNA-modifying enzymes or environmental exposure, have been associated with human disease, including diabetes. tRNA fragmentation induced by impaired tRNA modifications or dietary factors has been linked to pancreatic β-cell demise and paternal inheritance of metabolic traits. Herein, we review recent findings that associate tRNA epitranscriptome perturbations with diabetes.
tRNAs 是至关重要的非编码 RNA 分子，在蛋白质合成过程中充当氨基酸载体。tRNA 基因的转录是一个高度受调控的过程。tRNA 池具有组织和细胞特异性，在发育过程中发生变化，并受环境调节。tRNAs 被特定的 tRNA 修饰酶高度转录后修饰。细胞的 tRNA 修饰特征决定了 tRNA 表转录组。由于 tRNA 和 tRNA 修饰酶的突变或环境暴露导致 tRNA 表转录组的改变与人类疾病有关，包括糖尿病。由于 tRNA 修饰受损或饮食因素引起的 tRNA 片段化与胰腺 β 细胞死亡和代谢特征的父系遗传有关。本文综述了最近的研究结果，这些结果将 tRNA 表转录组的改变与糖尿病联系起来。
