School of Civil Engineering and Surveying, Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Toowoomba, 4350, Queensland, Australia; Northern Technical University, Engineering Technical College, Kirkuk, Iraq.
School of Civil Engineering and Surveying, Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Toowoomba, 4350, Queensland, Australia.
Environ Int. 2019 Jun;127:52-69. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.03.012. Epub 2019 Mar 22.
Arsenic (As) is an emerging contaminant on a global scale posing threat to environmental and human health. The relatively brief history of the applications of biochar and bone char has mapped the endeavors to remove As from water to a considerable extent. This critical review attempts to provide a comprehensive overview for the first time on the potential of bio- and bone-char in the immobilization of inorganic As in water. It seeks to offer a rational assessment of what is existing and what needs to be done in future research as an implication for As toxicity of human health risks through acute and chronic exposure to As contaminated water. Bio- and bone-char are recognized as promising alternatives to activated carbon due to their lower production and activation cost. The surface modification via chemical methods has been adopted to improve the adsorption capacity for anionic As species. Surface complexation, ion exchange, precipitation and electrostatic interactions are the main mechanisms involved in the adsorption of As onto the char surface. However, arsenic-bio-bone char interactions along with their chemical bonding for the removal of As in aqueous solution is still a subject of debate. Hence, the proposed mechanisms need to be scrutinized further using advanced analytical techniques such as synchrotron-based X-ray. Moving this technology from laboratory phase to field scale applications is an urgent necessity in order to establish a sustainable As mitigation in drinking water on a global scale.
砷（As）是一种在全球范围内新兴的污染物，对环境和人类健康构成威胁。生物炭和骨炭的应用历史相对较短，在很大程度上推动了从水中去除砷的努力。本综述首次尝试全面概述生物炭和骨炭在水中固定无机砷的潜力。它旨在为通过急性和慢性接触受砷污染的水对人类健康风险的砷毒性提供现有情况的合理评估和未来研究中需要做的事情。生物炭和骨炭由于其生产成本和激活成本较低，被认为是活性炭的有前途的替代品。通过化学方法进行表面改性已被采用来提高对阴离子砷物种的吸附能力。表面络合、离子交换、沉淀和静电相互作用是砷在炭表面吸附的主要机制。然而，砷-生物-骨炭相互作用及其在水溶液中去除砷的化学键合仍然存在争议。因此，需要使用基于同步加速器的 X 射线等先进分析技术进一步仔细研究所提出的机制。为了在全球范围内建立可持续的饮用水除砷措施，将这项技术从实验室阶段推向现场应用阶段是当务之急。
