State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 2019 May 1;95(5). doi: 10.1093/femsec/fiz040.
Land plants directly contact soil through their roots. An enormous diversity of microbes dwelling in root-associated zones, including endosphere (inside root), rhizoplane (root surface) and rhizosphere (soil surrounding the root surface), play essential roles in ecosystem functioning and plant health. Rice is a staple food that feeds over 50% of the global population. Its root is a unique niche, which is often characterized by an oxic region (e.g. the rhizosphere) surrounded by anoxic bulk soil. This oxic-anoxic interface has been recognized as a pronounced hotspot that supports dynamic biogeochemical cycles mediated by various functional microbial groups. Considering the significance of rice production upon global food security and the methane budget, novel insights into how the overall microbial community (i.e. the microbiome) of the rice root system influences ecosystem functioning is the key to improving crop health and sustainable productivity of paddy ecosystems, and alleviating methane emissions. This mini-review summarizes the current understanding of microbial diversity of rice root-associated compartments to some extent, especially the rhizosphere, and makes a comparison of rhizosphere microbial community structures between rice and other crops/plants. Moreover, this paper describes the interactions between root-related microbiomes and rice plants, and further discusses the key factors shaping the rice root-related microbiomes.
陆生植物通过根系直接与土壤接触。大量生活在根相关区域的微生物，包括根内（endosphere）、根际表面（rhizoplane）和根际土壤（rhizosphere），在生态系统功能和植物健康中发挥着重要作用。水稻是一种主食，养活了全球 50%以上的人口。它的根是一个独特的小生境，通常以好氧区域（如根际）为特征，周围是缺氧的土壤。这个好氧-缺氧界面被认为是一个显著的热点，支持着各种功能微生物群介导的动态生物地球化学循环。考虑到水稻生产对全球粮食安全和甲烷预算的重要性，深入了解水稻根系系统的整体微生物群落（即微生物组）如何影响生态系统功能，是改善作物健康和稻田生态系统可持续生产力、减轻甲烷排放的关键。本综述总结了目前对水稻根相关区室（尤其是根际）微生物多样性的认识，并对水稻和其他作物/植物的根际微生物群落结构进行了比较。此外，本文描述了与根相关的微生物组与水稻植株之间的相互作用，并进一步讨论了塑造水稻根相关微生物组的关键因素。
