Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INP, ENVT, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France.
Animal. 2019 Oct;13(10):2173-2182. doi: 10.1017/S175173111900051X. Epub 2019 Mar 28.
To evaluate how rearing programmes could affect resources allocation and reproductive performance of primiparous rabbit females, a total of 118 rabbit females were used to evaluate the effects of five rearing feeding programmes on their performance from 1st to 2nd parturition: CAL, fed ad libitum C diet (11.0 MJ digestible energy (DE), 114 g digestible protein (DP) and 358 g NDF/kg dry matter (DM) until 1st parturition; CR, fed ad libitum with C diet until 12 weeks of age and then C diet restricted (140 g/day) until 1st parturition; F, fed ad libitum with F diet (8.7 MJ DE, 88 g DP and 476 NDF/kg DM) until 1st parturition; FC, fed with F diet ad libitum until 16 weeks of age, and C diet ad libitum until 1st parturition; FCF, fed with F diet ad libitum until 16 weeks of age, then C diet ad libitum until 20 weeks and then F diet ad libitum until 1st parturition. From 1st parturition, C diet was ad libitum offered to all the experimental groups until 2nd parturition. CAL females presented lower feed intake than females of F, FC and FCF groups in the 1st week of lactation (on av. -16.6%; P<0.05). During 1st lactation, the perirenal fat thickness change in CAL females was not different from 0 (+0.02 mm), while in the other four groups it increased (on av. +0.44 mm; P<0.05). Plasma of females fed with F diet during rearing (F, FC and FCF) had lower non-esterified fatty acids content than those exclusively fed with C diet (-0.088 and -0.072 mmol/l compared to CAL and CR, respectively; P<0.05). FCF litters had higher weight than F litters at day 21 of lactation (+247 g; P<0.05), but FCF litter had significantly lower weight than FC litters at weaning (+170 g; P<0.05). CR females had the shortest average interval between the 1st and 2nd parturition (49 days) and FCF females the longest (+ 9 days compared to CR; P<0.05). At 2nd parturition, liveborn litters of F females were larger and heavier than litters of FCF females (+2.22 kits and +138 g; P<0.05), probably due to the lower mortality at birth of F litters (-16.5 percentage points; P<0.05). In conclusion, rearing females on fibrous diets seems to increase the ability of primiparous rabbit females to obtain resources, especially at the onset of lactation.
为了评估饲养方案如何影响初产母兔的资源分配和繁殖性能，我们共使用了 118 只母兔，从第一胎到第二胎评估了五种饲养喂养方案对它们性能的影响：CAL，从 1 日龄到第一胎分娩时自由采食 C 日粮（11.0MJ 可消化能（DE）、114g 可消化蛋白（DP）和 358g 中性洗涤纤维（NDF）/kg 干物质（DM）；CR，12 周龄前自由采食 C 日粮，然后限制 C 日粮（140g/天）直到第一胎分娩；F，从 1 日龄到第一胎分娩时自由采食 F 日粮（8.7MJ DE、88g DP 和 476g NDF/kg DM）；FC，16 周龄前自由采食 F 日粮，第一胎分娩时自由采食 C 日粮；FCF，16 周龄前自由采食 F 日粮，然后 20 周龄前自由采食 C 日粮，然后第一胎分娩时自由采食 F 日粮。从第一胎分娩开始，所有实验组的母兔都自由采食 C 日粮，直到第二胎分娩。哺乳期第一周，CAL 组母兔的采食量低于 F、FC 和 FCF 组的母兔（平均-16.6%；P<0.05）。在第一胎哺乳期，CAL 组母兔的肾周脂肪厚度变化与 0 无差异（+0.02mm），而其他四组的脂肪厚度增加（平均+0.44mm；P<0.05）。哺乳期母兔采食 F 日粮（F、FC 和 FCF）的非酯化脂肪酸含量低于仅采食 C 日粮的母兔（与 CAL 和 CR 相比，分别为-0.088 和-0.072mmol/L；P<0.05）。FCF 组的仔兔在哺乳期第 21 天的体重高于 F 组的仔兔（+247g；P<0.05），但 FCF 组的仔兔在断奶时的体重明显低于 FC 组的仔兔（-170g；P<0.05）。CR 组母兔的第一胎和第二胎之间的平均间隔最短（49 天），FCF 组母兔的最长（与 CR 相比，增加 9 天；P<0.05）。在第二胎分娩时，F 组母兔的活产仔兔大于 FCF 组的仔兔（+2.22 只和+138g；P<0.05），这可能是因为 F 组的仔兔出生死亡率较低（-16.5%；P<0.05）。总之，用纤维日粮饲养母兔似乎可以提高初产母兔获取资源的能力，特别是在哺乳期开始时。
