Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA.
Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute of Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
Nat Rev Neurosci. 2019 May;20(5):298-313. doi: 10.1038/s41583-019-0152-2.
The human cerebellum has a protracted developmental timeline compared with the neocortex, expanding the window of vulnerability to neurological disorders. As the cerebellum is critical for motor behaviour, it is not surprising that most neurodevelopmental disorders share motor deficits as a common sequela. However, evidence gathered since the late 1980s suggests that the cerebellum is involved in motor and non-motor function, including cognition and emotion. More recently, evidence indicates that major neurodevelopmental disorders such as intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and Down syndrome have potential links to abnormal cerebellar development. Out of recent findings from clinical and preclinical studies, the concept of the 'cerebellar connectome' has emerged that can be used as a framework to link the role of cerebellar development to human behaviour, disease states and the design of better therapeutic strategies.
与新皮层相比，人类小脑具有漫长的发育时间表，这增加了神经系统疾病易感性的窗口期。由于小脑对运动行为至关重要，因此大多数神经发育障碍都存在运动缺陷作为常见的后遗症，这并不奇怪。然而，自 20 世纪 80 年代末以来收集的证据表明，小脑参与运动和非运动功能，包括认知和情绪。最近的证据表明，智力残疾、自闭症谱系障碍、注意力缺陷多动障碍和唐氏综合征等主要神经发育障碍与小脑发育异常可能存在潜在联系。从临床和临床前研究的最新发现中，出现了“小脑连接组”的概念，可作为将小脑发育与人类行为、疾病状态和设计更好的治疗策略联系起来的框架。
