Department of Hydraulics Engineering and Geotechnics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, St. Mickiewicza 24-28, 30-059, Krakow, Poland.
Department of Sanitary Engineering and Water Management, University of Agriculture in Krakow, St. Mickiewicza 24-28, 30-059, Krakow, Poland.
Environ Monit Assess. 2019 Mar 28;191(4):254. doi: 10.1007/s10661-019-7402-7.
The scarcity of water can result in a direct conflict between the protection of aquatic resources and water use. For many agencies, environmental flow (EF) methods are essential in environmental impact assessments and in the protection of important fisheries resources. The objective of this paper is to compare selected hydrological and hydraulic methods and determine the scientifically acceptable and cost-effective way to environmental flow within a section of a mountain river with high naturalness, on the example of the Wisłoka. In this paper, environmental flow was calculated using conventional hydrological methods: Tennant's, Tessman's, flow duration curve and hydraulic methods, wetted perimeter method (WPM) and method based directly on ichthyofauna habitat requirements (spawn and migration). The novelty is the combined use of the hydraulic and hydrological methods which relates to flow hydraulics based directly on ichthyofauna habitat conditions. The hydraulic methods provide lower values of environmental flow in comparison with the hydrological methods. The key issue in the use of the hydraulic methods is the choice of criteria. The development of the required set of parameters while taking into account their seasonal nature shifts the method toward habitat modeling methods. However, the scope of habitat requirements of ecosystems must be defined, including the set of aquatic organisms and watercourse type before a hydraulic method may be widely used. Being generally low-cost and simple, the methods presented in this paper can be applied in the water management legislative process.
水资源的稀缺性可能导致保护水生资源和用水之间的直接冲突。对于许多机构来说，环境流量（EF）方法在环境影响评估和保护重要渔业资源方面至关重要。本文的目的是比较选定的水文和水力方法，并确定在具有高度自然性的山区河流的一部分内以科学上可接受且具有成本效益的方式实现环境流量的方法，以维斯瓦卡为例。在本文中，使用常规水文方法计算环境流量：坦南特法、特斯曼法、流量历时曲线和水力方法、湿周法（WPM）和直接基于鱼类生境要求的方法（产卵和洄游）。新颖之处在于水力和水文方法的组合使用，这与直接基于鱼类生境条件的流量水力学有关。与水文方法相比，水力方法提供的环境流量值较低。在使用水力方法时的关键问题是选择标准。在考虑其季节性性质的情况下，开发所需的参数集会将该方法推向生境建模方法。然而，在广泛使用水力方法之前，必须定义生态系统的栖息地要求范围，包括水生生物和河道类型集。本文提出的方法通常成本低且简单，可以应用于水管理立法过程。
