1 Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter , Hamburg , Germany.
2 Department of Physics, Oxford University , Clarendon Laboratory, Oxford , UK.
Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci. 2019 May 20;377(2145):20170478. doi: 10.1098/rsta.2017.0478.
Strong interactions between electrons give rise to the complexity of quantum materials, which exhibit exotic functional properties and extreme susceptibility to external perturbations. A growing research trend involves the study of these materials away from equilibrium, especially in cases in which the stimulation with optical pulses can coherently enhance cooperative orders. Time-resolved X-ray probes are integral to this type of research, as they can be used to track atomic and electronic structures as they evolve on ultrafast timescales. Here, we review a series of recent experiments where femtosecond X-ray diffraction was used to measure dynamics of complex solids. This article is part of the theme issue 'Measurement of ultrafast electronic and structural dynamics with X-rays'.
电子之间的强相互作用导致了量子材料的复杂性，这些材料表现出奇异的功能特性和对外界干扰的极端敏感性。一个不断发展的研究趋势是研究远离平衡状态的这些材料，特别是在利用光脉冲进行刺激可以相干地增强协同有序的情况下。时间分辨 X 射线探针是这类研究的重要组成部分，因为它们可以用来跟踪原子和电子结构在超快时间尺度上的演化。在这里，我们回顾了一系列最近使用飞秒 X 射线衍射来测量复杂固体动力学的实验。本文是“用 X 射线测量超快电子和结构动力学”主题特刊的一部分。
