Siddavattam Dayananda, Yakkala Harshita, Samantarrai Devyani
Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India.
J Genet. 2019 Mar;98.
Genes encoding structurally independent phosphotriesterases (PTEs) are identified in soil bacteria. These pte genes, often identified on mobilizable and self-transmissible plasmids are organized as mobile genetic elements. Their dissemination through lateral gene transfer is evident due to the detection of identical organophosphate degradation genes among soil bacteria with little orno taxonomic relationship. Convergent evolution of PTEs provided selective advantages to the bacterial strain as they convert toxic phosphotriesters (PTs) into a source of phosphate. The residues of organophosphate (OP) compounds that accumulate in a soil are proposed to contribute to the evolution of PTEs through substrate-assisted gain-of-function. This review provides comprehensive information on lateral transfer of genes and critically examines proposed hypotheses on their evolution in the light of the short half-life of OPs in the environment. The review also proposes alternate factors that have possibly contributed to the evolution and lateral mobility of PTEs by taking into account their biology and analyses of genes in genomic and metagenomic databases.
在土壤细菌中鉴定出了编码结构独立的磷酸三酯酶（PTEs）的基因。这些pte基因通常在可移动和自我传递的质粒上被鉴定出来，它们被组织成可移动遗传元件。由于在分类关系很少或没有分类关系的土壤细菌中检测到相同的有机磷降解基因，它们通过横向基因转移的传播是明显的。PTEs的趋同进化为细菌菌株提供了选择优势，因为它们将有毒的磷酸三酯（PTs）转化为磷源。有人提出，土壤中积累的有机磷（OP）化合物的残留物通过底物辅助的功能获得促进了PTEs的进化。这篇综述提供了关于基因横向转移的全面信息，并根据OPs在环境中的短半衰期，批判性地审视了关于它们进化的假说。该综述还通过考虑PTEs的生物学特性以及对基因组和宏基因组数据库中基因的分析，提出了可能促成PTEs进化和横向移动性的其他因素。
