Costa Natália Alves, Dos Santos Cardoso Thiago, da Costa Neto Sócrates Fraga, Maldonado Arnaldo, Gentile Rosana
1 Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brazil 4365 Manguinhos, 21045-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
2 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Saúde, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 21040-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
J Parasitol. 2019 Apr;105(2):271-282.
The ecology of host-parasite interactions can be studied in the infracommunity and component community scales, which may show different patterns in species distributions, interacting and affecting each other on a regional scale. Few studies have been carried out concerning the structure and variation of the helminth communities of wild rodents in Brazil. The rodent Necromys lasiurus is typical from the mammalian fauna of the Cerrado biome; however, the environmental disturbances are making this species occur in rural areas and in other biomes where it may act as host/reservoir of many diseases. This study aimed to describe the composition and structure of the helminth metacommunity in the rodent N. lasiurus in the Brazilian Cerrado, Uberlândia, State of Minas Gerais, using the analysis of metacommunity structure. Rodents were sampled in 3 habitat types: borders of soybean and corn plantations, pasturelands, and preserved areas of Cerrado borders. Adult helminths of 8 species were found in the gastrointestinal tract: Protospirura numidica criceticola, Physaloptera sp., Pterygodermatites ( Paucipectines) zygodontomis (Spirurida), Stilestrongylus freitasi (Rhabditida), Trichuris navonae (Trichurida) and Syphacia ( Syphacia) alata (Oxiurida) of the Phylum Nematoda; Rodentolepis akodontis (Cyclophyllidea) of the Phylum Platyhelminthes; and Moniliformis sp. (Moniliformida) of the Phylum Acanthocephala. Season and the kind of land use favored some helminths species in this rodent, especially in the plantation area, although diversity was not largely influenced by the land use. Plantation areas could provide an increase in the host abundance and the occurrence of other rodent species, favoring a higher rate of parasite exchange among different hosts. A checkerboard structure of metacommunity was found on the infracommunity scale, which suggests the existence of interspecific competition. A quasi-nested structure of metacommunity was observed on the component community scale showing that most species were influenced by the same environmental gradient and that the species-poor communities were subsets of species-rich communities. Syphacia alata, P. zygodontomis, S. freitasi, and R. akodontis were dominant species in all habitats and represented the core-species in the metacommunity.
宿主 - 寄生虫相互作用的生态学可以在群落内和组分群落尺度上进行研究，这两者在物种分布上可能呈现不同模式，并在区域尺度上相互作用和影响。关于巴西野生啮齿动物蠕虫群落的结构和变化，目前开展的研究较少。啮齿动物拉氏掘鼠（Necromys lasiurus）是塞拉多生物群落哺乳动物区系中的典型物种；然而，环境干扰正促使该物种出现在农村地区以及其他生物群落中，在这些地方它可能充当多种疾病的宿主/储存宿主。本研究旨在通过分析群落结构，描述巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州乌贝兰迪亚市塞拉多地区拉氏掘鼠蠕虫群落的组成和结构。在3种栖息地类型中对啮齿动物进行采样：大豆和玉米种植园边界、牧场以及塞拉多边界的保护区。在胃肠道中发现了8种成年蠕虫：线虫门的努氏原旋尾线虫环颈亚种（Protospirura numidica criceticola）、泡翼线虫属未定种（Physaloptera sp.）、翼皮线虫属（Pterygodermatites）（少栉翼皮线虫亚属）齐氏翼皮线虫（Pterygodermatites (Paucipectines) zygodontomis，旋尾目）、弗氏斯氏线虫（Stilestrongylus freitasi）（小杆目）、纳氏毛首线虫（Trichuris navonae）（毛首目）和翼形管圆线虫（Syphacia (Syphacia) alata）（尖尾目）；扁形动物门的阿氏啮齿绦虫（Rodentolepis akodontis）（圆叶目）；以及棘头虫门的念珠棘头虫属未定种（Moniliformis sp.）（念珠棘头虫目）。季节和土地利用类型对这种啮齿动物体内的某些蠕虫物种有利，尤其是在种植园区，尽管多样性在很大程度上不受土地利用的影响。种植园区可能会使宿主数量增加以及其他啮齿动物物种出现，有利于不同宿主之间更高频率的寄生虫交换。在群落内尺度上发现了群落的棋盘结构，这表明存在种间竞争。在组分群落尺度上观察到群落的准嵌套结构，这表明大多数物种受到相同环境梯度的影响，且物种贫乏的群落是物种丰富群落的子集。翼形管圆线虫、齐氏翼皮线虫、弗氏斯氏线虫和阿氏啮齿绦虫是所有栖息地中的优势物种，也是群落中的核心物种。
