Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
Mayo Clin Proc. 2019 Apr;94(4):697-703. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2019.01.022.
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is a medical condition routinely encountered in clinical practice. Overt upper gastrointestinal bleeding usually presents as melena or hematemesis but can also present as hematochezia in cases of brisk bleeding. The initial evaluation of a patient with suspected upper gastrointestinal bleeding begins with assessment of hemodynamic status, identification of potential risk factors, and appropriate triage of level of care. After resuscitation measures, endoscopic evaluation can be performed to diagnose and potentially treat the source of bleeding. Risk factors that increase the propensity for recurrent bleeding should be identified and addressed.
上消化道出血是临床实践中常见的一种医学病症。显性上消化道出血通常表现为黑便或呕血，但在出血迅速的情况下也可能表现为血便。疑似上消化道出血患者的初始评估从评估血流动力学状态、确定潜在危险因素以及对护理水平进行适当分诊开始。在复苏措施后，可以进行内镜评估以诊断和潜在治疗出血源。应识别和处理增加再次出血倾向的危险因素。
