Dion Kimberly, Chiodo Lisa, Whynott Liz, Loftus Brita, Alvarez Pedro, Shanahan Jillian, Quaglia Gabriel, Roman Antonio, Sorbi Elizabeth, Wilkins-Carmody Donna
University of Massachusetts Amherst College of Nursing, Amherst, Massachusetts.
HIV Health and Prevention, Tapestry Health, Springfield, Massachusetts.
J Am Assoc Nurse Pract. 2020 Jan;32(1):60-69. doi: 10.1097/JXX.0000000000000201.
Access to adequate health care in the United States is often hindered by an individual's location, socioeconomic status, and lifestyle. Among those underserved are people who inject drugs (PWID), who are affected by stigma and discrimination. The purpose of this study was to describe the utilization of preventative health care services obtained by PWID.
A survey querying participants about their utilization of preventative health care services and health education over the past year was administered to PWID at 2 syringe access programs. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data.
Of the 141 participants surveyed, 60.6% saw a provider within the past year and 62.1% indicated that their provider was aware of their drug use. Data analysis revealed that providers counseled PWID on three of nine drug-related harm reduction items. Only 30% of PWID talked with their provider about five or more items. Mean number of items discussed was significantly different between PWID whose provider was aware of their drug use and PWID whose provider was unaware of drug use (t = 10.7, p < 0.001).
Results indicated that PWID are not receiving adequate preventative services or harm reduction education from their primary care provider. A need for assessment of substance use, preventative vaccinations, counseling and testing for infectious diseases, and harm reduction education is essential during health care visits. Nurse practitioners and nurses have a role in screening for and educating PWID in a variety of health care settings.
在美国，获得充分的医疗保健常常受到个人所处位置、社会经济地位和生活方式的阻碍。在那些未得到充分服务的人群中，有注射吸毒者（PWID），他们受到污名化和歧视的影响。本研究的目的是描述注射吸毒者获得预防性医疗保健服务的情况。
在2个注射器获取项目中，对注射吸毒者进行了一项调查，询问他们在过去一年中对预防性医疗保健服务和健康教育的利用情况。使用描述性统计分析数据。
在接受调查的141名参与者中，60.6%在过去一年中看过医疗服务提供者，62.1%表示他们的医疗服务提供者知晓他们吸毒的情况。数据分析显示，医疗服务提供者就9项与毒品相关的减少伤害项目中的3项为注射吸毒者提供了咨询。只有30%的注射吸毒者与他们的医疗服务提供者谈论了5项或更多项目。医疗服务提供者知晓其吸毒情况的注射吸毒者与不知晓其吸毒情况的注射吸毒者之间，讨论项目的平均数量存在显著差异（t = 10.7，p < 0.001）。
结果表明，注射吸毒者没有从其初级保健提供者那里获得充分的预防性服务或减少伤害教育。在医疗保健就诊期间，评估药物使用情况、进行预防性疫苗接种、提供传染病咨询和检测以及开展减少伤害教育至关重要。执业护士和护士在各种医疗保健环境中对注射吸毒者进行筛查和教育方面发挥着作用。
