Department of Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Zweibrücken, Germany.
Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany.
Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2019 Aug;302(8):1333-1344. doi: 10.1002/ar.24128. Epub 2019 Apr 29.
Since several years, the enteric nervous system (ENS) is getting more and more in the focus of gastrointestinal research. While the main interest was credited for years to the enteric neurons and their functional properties, less attention has been paid on the enteric glial cells (EGCs). Although the similarity of EGCs to central nervous system (CNS) astrocytes has been demonstrated a long time ago, EGCs were investigated in more detail only recently. Similar to the CNS, there is not "the" EGC, but also a broad range of diversity. Based on morphology and protein expression, such as glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), S100, or Proteolipid-protein-1 (PLP1), several distinct glial types can be differentiated. Their heterogeneity in morphology, localization, and transcription as well as interaction with surrounding cells indicate versatile functional properties of these cells for gut function in health and disease. Although NG2 is found in a subset of CNS glial cells, it did not colocalize with the glial marker S100 or GFAP in the ENS. Instead, it in part colocalize with PDGFRα, as it does in the CNS, which do stain fibroblast-like cells in the gastrointestinal tract. Moreover, there seem to be species dependent differences. While GFAP is always found in the rodent ENS, this is completely different for the human gut. Only the compromised human ENS shows a significant amount of GFAP-positive glial cells. So, in general we can conclude that the EGC population is species specific and as complex as CNS glia. Anat Rec, 302:1333-1344, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
多年来，肠神经系统（ENS）越来越受到胃肠道研究的关注。虽然多年来人们主要关注肠神经元及其功能特性，但对肠神经胶质细胞（EGC）的关注较少。尽管很久以前就证明了 EGC 与中枢神经系统（CNS）星形胶质细胞具有相似性，但直到最近才对其进行了更详细的研究。与 CNS 一样，也没有“单一的”EGC，而是具有广泛的多样性。基于形态和蛋白表达，如神经胶质原纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）、S100 或蛋白脂质蛋白 1（PLP1），可以区分几种不同的胶质类型。它们在形态、定位和转录以及与周围细胞的相互作用方面的异质性表明，这些细胞在健康和疾病状态下对肠道功能具有多种功能特性。尽管 NG2 在中枢神经系统的一部分神经胶质细胞中被发现，但它与 ENS 中的神经胶质标记物 S100 或 GFAP 并不共定位。相反，它部分与 PDGFRα 共定位，就像在中枢神经系统中一样，后者在胃肠道中会染色成纤维样细胞。此外，似乎存在物种依赖性差异。虽然 GFAP 总是在啮齿动物 ENS 中被发现，但在人类肠道中则完全不同。只有受损的人类 ENS 才会显示出大量的 GFAP 阳性神经胶质细胞。因此，总的来说，我们可以得出结论，EGC 群体是具有物种特异性的，与 CNS 胶质一样复杂。解剖记录，302:1333-1344,2019。©2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
