Department of Neurology, Division of Neuro-Epidemiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; School of Public Health, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.
Department of Pathology, Division of Dermatology and Dermatopathology, Albany Medical College, 43 New Scotland Avenue, MC-81, Albany, NY 12208, USA.
Neurol Clin. 2019 May;37(2):465-473. doi: 10.1016/j.ncl.2019.01.017. Epub 2019 Mar 16.
Systemic and localized vasculitis affects the skin and subcutis, due to large vascular beds and hemodynamic factors, such as stasis in lower extremities, and environmental influences, as occur in cold exposure. Initial cutaneous manifestations of vasculitides include diverse and dynamic patterns of discoloration, swelling, hemorrhage, and necrosis. One-half of affected patients present with localized, self-limited disease to the skin without any known trigger or associated systemic disease, known as idiopathic cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis. Skin biopsy and dermatopathology contribute relevant information; however, they require correlation with clinical history, physical examination, and laboratory findings to reach an accurate diagnosis.
系统性和局限性血管炎累及皮肤和皮下组织，这是由于大血管床和血液动力学因素，如下肢淤滞，以及环境影响，如寒冷暴露等。血管炎的初始皮肤表现包括多样化和动态的变色、肿胀、出血和坏死模式。半数受累患者表现为局部、自限性皮肤疾病，无任何已知诱因或相关系统性疾病，称为特发性皮肤白细胞碎裂性血管炎。皮肤活检和皮肤病理学提供相关信息；然而，它们需要与临床病史、体格检查和实验室发现相关联，以做出准确的诊断。
