Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatric, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy.
Pediatric Division, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Presidio Ospedaliero San Carlo Borromeo, Milano, Italy.
J Cardiol. 2019 Oct;74(4):388-393. doi: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2019.02.021. Epub 2019 Apr 2.
The pediatric ultrasound measurement of the inferior vena cava (IVC) and aorta (AO) with the study of the collapsibility index (CI) and of IVC-to-AO ratio (IVC/AO) can provide clinicians in the acute care setting with information on abnormal volume status but one of the major limitations is a lack of reference normal values by body surface area (BSA) and age. The aim of this study was to provide reference ranges for the sonographic measurement of IVC, AO, and IVC/AO ratio in healthy Caucasian Italian children.
We enrolled prospectively 516 healthy Caucasian Italian children aged between 1 month and 16 years. Echocardiographic IVC and AO diameters were collected and presented separately for children aged ≤1 year and for children aged over 1 year. For children >1 year we categorized subjects into 3 years classes. CI and IVC/AO for the systolic aortic diameter were then calculated. For children over 1 year, age reference ranges were age-related or BSA-related; for children of ≤1 year, reference ranges were determined with their 90% confidence intervals regardless of age and of BSA.
Tables and charts with reference ranges for all the echocardiographic measurements are presented for children aged >1 year according to age and BSA. The equations to obtain percentile and Z-score for each echocardiographic measurement are provided. The reference ranges for children aged ≤1 year are shown considering the small 90% confidence intervals for upper and lower limits. CI was 30% (SD 17%) in children >1 year and 36% (SD 16%) in children <1 year. IVC/AOs showed age-dependent values from 0.83 (SD 0.20) age <1 year to 1.22 (SD 0.31) in older subjects.
We report reliable reference ranges for echocardiographic measurement of IVC, AO, CI, and IVC/AO for a Caucasian Italian healthy pediatric population.
本研究旨在为健康的意大利白种人儿童提供超声测量下腔静脉（IVC）、主动脉（AO）、下腔静脉与主动脉比值（IVC/AO）的参考范围。
我们前瞻性纳入了 516 名健康的意大利白种人儿童，年龄 1 个月至 16 岁。分别收集超声心动图 IVC 和 AO 直径，并按年龄≤1 岁和年龄>1 岁的儿童进行分组。对于年龄>1 岁的儿童，将受试者分为 3 岁一组。然后计算收缩期主动脉直径的 CI 和 IVC/AO。对于年龄>1 岁的儿童，参考范围是年龄相关或体表面积（BSA）相关；对于年龄≤1 岁的儿童，参考范围是根据 90%置信区间确定的，与年龄和 BSA 无关。
为年龄>1 岁的儿童提供了按年龄和 BSA 分组的所有超声心动图测量的参考范围表和图表。提供了获得每个超声心动图测量的百分位数和 Z 分数的方程。对于年龄≤1 岁的儿童，考虑到上下限的小 90%置信区间，显示了参考范围。年龄>1 岁的儿童 CI 为 30%（SD 17%），年龄<1 岁的儿童为 36%（SD 16%）。IVC/AO 显示年龄依赖性值，年龄<1 岁的儿童为 0.83（SD 0.20），年龄较大的儿童为 1.22（SD 0.31）。
我们报告了可靠的意大利白种人健康儿科人群超声心动图测量 IVC、AO、CI 和 IVC/AO 的参考范围。
