Ding Liangliang, Zhou Jingyuan, Tang Wenhui, Ran Xianwen, Hu Yuxuan
College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
Polymers (Basel). 2019 Jan 16;11(1):149. doi: 10.3390/polym11010149.
Metal/polymer reactive materials have been studied and applied in a wide range of ways in recent years. This type of material is insensitive under normal conditions but reacts violently and releases a large amount of chemical energy under high-speed impact or high strain rate loading conditions. Compared with conventional explosives, it has better mechanical properties, and its unit mass energy is several times that of TNT. In this paper, PTFE/Al/CuO reactive materials are the main research objects, and we assess the impact energy release abilities of this type of reactive material through experimental research. To this end, eight sets of material formulations are designed, and the effects of particle size, the ratio of PTFE/Al and Al/CuO materials, and sintering on the energy release ability of the reactive materials are investigated. All experiments are carried out based on a self-designed new energy release testing device. The experimental device can measure the pressure time history curve generated by the reactive materials, and the rationality of the pressure time history curve can also be verified by the displacement time curve of the piston. The results show that with an increase in the Al/CuO thermite content, the energy release rate of the reactive material clearly increases, which is attributed to the reaction threshold of Al/CuO being low and because the heat generated can promote the reaction of PTFE/Al. The energy release rate of the nano-scale reactive materials is higher than that of the micron-scale reactive materials because the reduction in particle size results in a larger specific surface area. Thus, the energy required for ignition is lower. The energy release rate of sintered reactive materials is higher than that of unsintered reactive materials, which can be explained by the interfacial area between Al particles and PTFE particles in sintered reactive materials being larger, which makes the reaction more sufficient. The self-designed energy release testing device for the reactive materials and the conclusions obtained in this paper have clear significance for guiding engineering applications.
近年来，金属/聚合物活性材料已得到广泛研究和应用。这类材料在正常条件下不敏感，但在高速冲击或高应变率加载条件下会剧烈反应并释放大量化学能。与传统炸药相比，它具有更好的机械性能，其单位质量能量是TNT的几倍。本文以聚四氟乙烯/铝/氧化铜活性材料为主要研究对象，通过实验研究评估这类活性材料的冲击能量释放能力。为此，设计了八组材料配方，研究了粒径、聚四氟乙烯/铝和铝/氧化铜材料的比例以及烧结对活性材料能量释放能力的影响。所有实验均基于自行设计的新型能量释放测试装置进行。该实验装置可测量活性材料产生的压力时间历程曲线，压力时间历程曲线的合理性也可通过活塞的位移时间曲线进行验证。结果表明，随着铝/氧化铜铝热剂含量的增加，活性材料的能量释放速率明显提高，这归因于铝/氧化铜的反应阈值较低，且产生的热量可促进聚四氟乙烯/铝的反应。纳米级活性材料的能量释放速率高于微米级活性材料，因为粒径减小导致比表面积增大。因此，点火所需能量较低。烧结活性材料的能量释放速率高于未烧结活性材料，这可以解释为烧结活性材料中铝颗粒与聚四氟乙烯颗粒之间的界面面积更大，使反应更充分。自行设计的活性材料能量释放测试装置及本文所得结论对指导工程应用具有明确意义。
