Park Yun-Hee, Itakura Shoji
Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Letters, Kyoto University, Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.
J Psycholinguist Res. 2019 Oct;48(5):987-1004. doi: 10.1007/s10936-019-09643-0.
It is unknown whether linguistic cues influence preschoolers' recognition of facial expression when the emotion of the face is incongruent with the linguistic cues and what type of linguistic cue is influential in the modulation of facial expression. In a priming task, we presented 5-year-old children three types of linguistic information conveying happy or sad emotion (simple label, label with rich causal explanation of emotion, and label with poor causal explanation of emotion) prior to the presentation of a happy or a sad face. We asked participants to recognize emotion of facial expression and examined whether they follow linguistic information than the facial expression when the emotions of linguistic information and face were incongruent. As a result, children who were presented the label with rich causal explanation judged emotion of face according to the linguistic information, whereas children who were presented the simple label or the label with poor causal explanation followed the emotions of facial expression. This result indicated that children's autonomic reliance on situational cues depends on the emotional causality and the concreteness of emotional state conveyed by the linguistic cues. This finding contributes to our understanding of the face inferiority effect on children's developing notion of emotions.
当面部表情的情绪与语言线索不一致时，语言线索是否会影响学龄前儿童对面部表情的识别，以及哪种类型的语言线索在调节面部表情方面具有影响力，目前尚不清楚。在一项启动任务中，我们在向5岁儿童呈现开心或悲伤的面部表情之前，先向他们呈现了三种传达开心或悲伤情绪的语言信息（简单标签、带有丰富情绪因果解释的标签以及带有贫乏情绪因果解释的标签）。我们要求参与者识别面部表情的情绪，并检查当语言信息和面部表情的情绪不一致时，他们是否更倾向于遵循语言信息而非面部表情。结果发现，看到带有丰富因果解释标签的儿童会根据语言信息判断面部表情的情绪，而看到简单标签或带有贫乏因果解释标签的儿童则遵循面部表情的情绪。这一结果表明，儿童对情境线索的自主依赖取决于语言线索所传达的情绪因果关系和情绪状态的具体程度。这一发现有助于我们理解面部劣势效应在儿童情绪发展观念中的作用。
