Marchini Leonardo, Ettinger Ronald, Caprio Thomas, Jucan Adina
Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, The University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa.
Department of Prosthodontics, The University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa.
Spec Care Dentist. 2019 May;39(3):262-273. doi: 10.1111/scd.12375. Epub 2019 Apr 9.
Alzheimer's disease and related disorders (ADRD) are among the age-associated chronic conditions that are most challenging to health care systems around the globe, as patients with dementia require full-time, intensive care for multiple years. Oral health care is negatively impacted by cognitive decline, and consequently poor oral health is common among people with ADRD. Poor oral health status is linked with many undesirable consequences for the well-being of people with ADRD, from excruciating local pain to life-threatening conditions, as aspiration pneumonia. In this paper, the authors provide an update on the most current concepts about Alzheimer's disease epidemiology, etiology, and management, current oral health care for patients with Alzheimer's disease, oral health promotion strategies for this population, as well as current research and future direction for improving oral health care for patients with Alzheimer's disease. It concludes that oral health care should be included in the patient's routine health care as early as possible in the progression of Alzheimer's disease for preventing rapid oral health deterioration. Establishing oral hygiene routines and providing dental treatment that is customized to the patients' individual needs and disease stage are important to achieve good oral health outcomes and prevent quality of life decline.
阿尔茨海默病及相关疾病（ADRD）是与年龄相关的慢性疾病，对全球医疗保健系统构成了极大挑战，因为痴呆症患者需要多年的全职重症护理。认知能力下降会对口腔保健产生负面影响，因此ADRD患者口腔健康状况不佳的情况很常见。口腔健康状况不佳与ADRD患者的许多不良后果相关，从难以忍受的局部疼痛到危及生命的状况，如吸入性肺炎。在本文中，作者提供了有关阿尔茨海默病流行病学、病因学和管理的最新概念的更新，阿尔茨海默病患者当前的口腔保健、该人群的口腔健康促进策略，以及改善阿尔茨海默病患者口腔保健的当前研究和未来方向。结论是，在阿尔茨海默病进展过程中，应尽早将口腔保健纳入患者的常规医疗保健中，以防止口腔健康迅速恶化。建立口腔卫生习惯并提供根据患者个体需求和疾病阶段定制的牙科治疗，对于实现良好的口腔健康结果和防止生活质量下降至关重要。
