van Lenteren J C, Bueno V H P, Burgio G, Lanzoni A, Montes F C, Silva D B, de Jong P W, Hemerik L
Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, P.O.Box 16, 6700AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Department of Entomology, Laboratory of Biological Control, Federal University of Lavras, P. O. Box 3037, 37200-000 Lavras, MG, Brazil.
Bull Entomol Res. 2019 Dec;109(6):812-820. doi: 10.1017/S0007485319000130. Epub 2019 Apr 10.
Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), a key pest of tomato, is quickly spreading over the world and biological control is considered as one of the control options. Worldwide more than 160 species of natural enemies are associated with this pest, and an important challenge is to quickly find an effective biocontrol agent from this pool of candidate species. Evaluation criteria for control agents are presented, with the advantages they offer for separating potentially useful natural enemies from less promising ones. Next, an aggregate parameter for ranking agents is proposed: the pest kill rate km. We explain why the predator's intrinsic rate of increase cannot be used for comparing the control potential of predators or parasitoids, while km can be used to compare both types of natural enemies. As an example, kill rates for males, females and both sexes combined of three Neotropical mirid species (Campyloneuropsis infumatus (Carvalho), Engytatus varians (Distant) and Macrolophus basicornis (Stål)) were determined, taking all life-history data (developmental times, survival rates, total nymphal and adult predation, sex ratios and adult lifespan) into account. Based on the value for the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) for T. absoluta and for the kill rate km of the predators, we predict that all three predators are potentially able to control the pest, because their km values are all higher than the rm of the pest. Using only km values, we conclude that E. varians is the best candidate for control of T. absoluta on tomato, with C. infumatus ranking second and M. basicornis last.
番茄潜叶蛾（Tuta absoluta (Meyrick)）是番茄的一种关键害虫，正在迅速在全球蔓延，生物防治被视为防治选择之一。全球有160多种天敌与这种害虫相关，一项重要挑战是要从这一众候选物种中迅速找到一种有效的生物防治剂。文中介绍了防治剂的评估标准，以及这些标准在区分潜在有用的天敌和前景欠佳的天敌方面的优势。接下来，提出了一种用于对防治剂进行排名的综合参数：害虫杀灭率km。我们解释了为什么捕食者的内禀增长率不能用于比较捕食者或寄生蜂的防治潜力，而km可用于比较这两类天敌。例如，综合考虑所有生活史数据（发育时间、存活率、若虫和成虫的总捕食量、性别比例和成虫寿命），测定了三种新热带盲蝽（烟色弯角盲蝽（Campyloneuropsis infumatus (Carvalho)）、变异恩蚜盲蝽（Engytatus varians (Distant)）和基角大盲蝽（Macrolophus basicornis (Stål)））的雄虫、雌虫及雌雄合计的杀灭率。根据番茄潜叶蛾的内禀增长率（rm）值和捕食者的杀灭率km值，我们预测这三种捕食者都有潜力控制该害虫，因为它们的km值均高于害虫的rm值。仅依据km值，我们得出结论，变异恩蚜盲蝽是番茄上防治番茄潜叶蛾的最佳候选者，烟色弯角盲蝽排名第二，基角大盲蝽排名最后。
