Whitton R C, Walmsley E A, Wong A S M, Shannon S M, Frazer E J, Williams N J, Guerow J F, Hitchens P L
Equine Centre, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, 250 Princes Hwy Werribee, Victoria, 3030, Australia.
Equine Centre, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, 250 Princes Hwy Werribee, Victoria, 3030, Australia.
Vet J. 2019 May;247:44-49. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2019.03.001. Epub 2019 Mar 5.
Long bone fractures in racehorses may present as stress fractures which have a good prognosis, or complete fractures, which often result in a fatal outcome. In order to identify differences in modifiable management practices that may contribute to these outcomes, racing histories of horses with humeral or tibial fractures and of matched controls were examined. A retrospective case-control study of Australian Thoroughbred racehorses diagnosed with a fracture of the humerus or tibia by scintigraphy or at post-mortem between 2002 and 2016 was undertaken. Control horses were matched from the same race or trial on age and sex. Statistical analysis was performed using conditional logistic regression, χ and Mann-Whitney U tests. More humeral fractures than tibial fractures were fatal (12/47, 26% vs. 3/35, 8.6%, P = 0.049). No differences in pre-injury racing histories were observed between cases and controls for humeral and tibial fractures. Both humeral and tibial fracture case horses were younger than the registered Thoroughbred racing population (P < 0.001), but horses sustaining humeral fractures were older than those with tibial fractures (3.3 ± 0.9 vs. 2.8 ± 0.8 years, P = 0.005) yet raced fewer times prior to the injury (0.5 ± 1.1 vs. 1.3 ± 1.7 races, P = 0.009). Horses with fatal humeral fractures were less likely to have raced than those with non-fatal humeral fractures (16.7% vs. 55.6%, P = 0.02). In conclusion, tibial and humeral fractures occur in young racehorses, and humeral fractures are more likely to be fatal in those with the least exposure to trialling and racing.
赛马的长骨骨折可能表现为预后良好的应力性骨折，或者常常导致致命后果的完全骨折。为了确定可能导致这些结果的可改变管理措施的差异，研究了肱骨或胫骨骨折马匹及匹配对照的赛马历史。对2002年至2016年间通过闪烁扫描或尸检诊断为肱骨或胫骨骨折的澳大利亚纯种赛马进行了一项回顾性病例对照研究。对照马匹从同一场比赛或试验中按年龄和性别进行匹配。使用条件逻辑回归、χ检验和曼-惠特尼U检验进行统计分析。肱骨骨折比胫骨骨折更易致命（12/47，26%对3/35，8.6%，P = 0.049）。肱骨和胫骨骨折的病例与对照在伤前赛马历史上未观察到差异。肱骨和胫骨骨折的病例马均比登记的纯种赛马群体年轻（P < 0.001），但肱骨骨折的马匹比胫骨骨折的马匹年龄更大（3.3±0.9对2.8±0.8岁，P = 0.005），且伤前参赛次数更少（0.5±1.1对1.3±1.7场比赛，P = 0.009）。致命肱骨骨折的马匹比非致命肱骨骨折的马匹参赛可能性更小（16.7%对55.6%，P = 0.02）。总之，胫骨和肱骨骨折发生在年轻赛马中，且对于那些参加试验和比赛最少的马匹，肱骨骨折更可能致命。
