Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
Immunol Rev. 2019 May;289(1):62-83. doi: 10.1111/imr.12746.
Secondary lymphoid organs like lymph nodes (LNs) are the main inductive sites for adaptive immune responses. Lymphocytes are constantly entering LNs, scanning the environment for their cognate antigen and get replenished by incoming cells after a certain period of time. As only a minor percentage of lymphocytes recognizes cognate antigen, this mechanism of permanent recirculation ensures fast and effective immune responses when necessary. Thus, homing, positioning, and activation as well as egress require precise regulation within LNs. In this review we discuss the mediators, including chemokines, cytokines, growth factors, and others that are involved in the formation of the LN anlage and subsequent functional organization of LNs. We highlight very recent findings in the fields of LN development, steady-state migration in LNs, and the intranodal processes during an adaptive immune response.
次级淋巴器官，如淋巴结 (LNs)，是适应性免疫反应的主要诱导部位。淋巴细胞不断进入 LNs，扫描环境中的同源抗原，并在一定时间后通过传入细胞得到补充。由于只有一小部分淋巴细胞识别同源抗原，因此这种永久循环的机制确保了在必要时快速有效的免疫反应。因此，归巢、定位和激活以及迁出都需要在 LNs 内进行精确的调节。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了参与 LN 原基形成和随后 LN 功能组织的介质，包括趋化因子、细胞因子、生长因子等。我们强调了 LN 发育、LN 中稳态迁移以及适应性免疫反应过程中淋巴结内过程等领域的最新发现。
