Tsai Wei-Yun J, Liewen Michael B, Bullerman Lloyd B
Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0919.
J Food Prot. 1988 Jun;51(6):457-462. doi: 10.4315/0362-028X-51.6.457.
A total of 263 mold isolates were obtained from moldy surplus cheese released from government storage for distribution in the surplus commodity food distribution program in 1984. All of the molds belonged to the genus Penicillium , and consisted of four species, P. roqueforti (176), P. cyclopium (46), P. viridicatum (32) and P. crustosum (9). About 10% of the isolates were capable of producing known mycotoxins on laboratory media. The mycotoxins detected were patulin, penicillic acid and ochratoxin. Patulin was detected most often followed by penicillic acid and ochratoxin. When tested in chicken embryos, 10.1% of the isolates were toxic (causing 50% mortality or more) when grown on cheese, and 29.7% of the isolates were toxic when grown on rice. There was no correlation between having the ability to produce known mycotoxins and toxicity to chicken embryos. None of the isolates when grown on cheese contained any mutagenic activity in the Salmonella mutagenesis (Ames) test. The percentage of isolates showing a high or medium degree of resistance to sorbate were 77, 45, 3.6 and 0 at sorbate concentrations of 0.30, 0.45, 0.60 and 0.90%, respectively. There was no apparent relationship between sorbate resistance and toxigenic properties of the molds.
1984年，从政府储备中发放用于剩余商品食品分配计划的发霉剩余奶酪中总共获得了263株霉菌分离株。所有霉菌均属于青霉属，由四种菌种组成，即罗克福青霉（176株）、环孢青霉（46株）、绿青霉（32株）和 crustosum青霉（9株）。约10%的分离株能够在实验室培养基上产生已知的霉菌毒素。检测到的霉菌毒素有展青霉素、青霉酸和赭曲霉毒素。展青霉素检测到的频率最高，其次是青霉酸和赭曲霉毒素。在鸡胚试验中，10.1%的分离株在奶酪上生长时具有毒性（导致50%或更高的死亡率），29.7%的分离株在大米上生长时具有毒性。产生已知霉菌毒素的能力与对鸡胚的毒性之间没有相关性。在奶酪上生长的分离株在沙门氏菌诱变（艾姆斯）试验中均未表现出任何诱变活性。在山梨酸盐浓度分别为0.30%、0.45%、0.60%和0.90%时，对山梨酸盐表现出高或中度抗性的分离株百分比分别为77%、45%、3.6%和0%。霉菌对山梨酸盐的抗性与其产毒特性之间没有明显关系。
