Toussaint Brigitte, Raffael Barbara, Angers-Loustau Alexandre, Gilliland Douglas, Kestens Vikram, Petrillo Mauro, Rio-Echevarria Iria M, Van den Eede Guy
a European Commission , Directorate-General Joint Research Centre , Geel , Belgium.
Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2019 May;36(5):639-673. doi: 10.1080/19440049.2019.1583381. Epub 2019 Apr 15.
Whereas the dramatic environmental impact of plastic waste rightfully receives considerable attention by scientists, policy makers and public in general, the human health impact of micro- and nanoplastics contamination of our food and beverages remains largely unknown. Indeed, most studies aim at understanding the environmental impact rather than the human health impact of a possible exposure to micro- and nanoplastics. In addition, these papers generally lack a methodological, standardised approach. Furthermore, some studies focus on the damage to and contamination level of animal species collected from the wild environment, and others investigate the rate and biology of microplastic uptake of animals fed with microplastics in laboratory. This review aims at understanding human exposure. Since there is, with few exceptions, no evidence available on the presence of micro- and nanoplastics in a normal diet, this study takes an indirect approach and analyses peer-reviewed publications since 2010 that document the presence of micro- and nanoplastics in those animals (more than 200 species) and food products that are part of the human food chain and that may thus contribute directly or indirectly to the uptake of micro- and nanoplastics via the human diet. It also addresses the question of the definitions, the methodologies and the quality criteria applied to obtain the reported results. This review suggests that, beyond a few estimations and comparisons, precise data to assess the exact exposure of humans to micro- and nanoplastics through their diet cannot be produced until standardised methods and definitions are available.
尽管塑料垃圾对环境产生的巨大影响理所当然地受到了科学家、政策制定者和公众的广泛关注，但我们的食品和饮料中微塑料和纳米塑料污染对人类健康的影响在很大程度上仍不为人知。事实上，大多数研究旨在了解微塑料和纳米塑料可能造成的环境影响，而非对人类健康的影响。此外，这些论文普遍缺乏一种方法上的标准化途径。再者，一些研究关注从野生环境中收集的动物物种所受到的损害和污染程度，另一些则研究在实验室中喂食微塑料的动物摄取微塑料的速率和生物学情况。本综述旨在了解人类接触情况。由于除了极少数例外情况外，没有证据表明正常饮食中存在微塑料和纳米塑料，本研究采用了一种间接方法，分析了自2010年以来的同行评议出版物，这些出版物记录了在那些属于人类食物链一部分、因而可能直接或间接通过人类饮食导致微塑料和纳米塑料摄取的动物（超过200种）和食品中微塑料和纳米塑料的存在情况。它还探讨了用于获得所报告结果的定义、方法和质量标准问题。本综述表明，除了一些估计和比较之外，在有标准化方法和定义之前，无法得出用于评估人类通过饮食确切接触微塑料和纳米塑料情况的精确数据。
