REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
ICRA - Catalan Institute for Water Research, Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain.
Sci Total Environ. 2019 Jul 10;673:102-109. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.432. Epub 2019 Mar 28.
This work aims to assess, individually and in mixtures, possible phytotoxic effects of three pharmaceuticals (paracetamol, ibuprofen and amoxicillin) on germination and early growth of Lactuca sativa seeds. Pharmaceuticals are an important group of emerging contaminants, whose presence has been described in several environmental compartments, including soils. However, knowledge on their possible impact in terrestrial organisms is still sparse and even more when mixtures are considered. Germination tests are important to evaluate the quality of soil and the toxic effects that contaminants can pose to plants. The acute effects of individual pharmaceuticals as well as binary and ternary mixtures were assessed using different endpoints, namely: percentage of seed germination, root elongation, shoot and leaf length, after an exposure time of five days. Overall, in the exposure of L. sativa seeds to individual pharmaceuticals there are indications of acute toxicity in the early plant growth. However, this inhibitory effect tends to be cancelled in the acute exposure to mixtures. This study shows the importance of evaluating the toxicity of mixtures of pharmaceuticals, since they might have distinct toxic effects when compared to the single compounds, and also because, probably, it is the closest scenario to the reality that can be found in the environment.
本研究旨在评估三种药物（扑热息痛、布洛芬和阿莫西林）单独及混合使用时对莴苣种子萌发和早期生长的潜在植物毒性效应。药物是一组重要的新兴污染物，已在包括土壤在内的多个环境介质中被检出。然而，当考虑混合物时，有关其对陆地生物的潜在影响的知识仍然很少。萌发试验对于评估土壤质量以及污染物对植物可能造成的毒性影响非常重要。使用不同的终点评估了单一药物以及二元和三元混合物的急性效应，即：种子萌发率、根伸长率、茎和叶长度，暴露时间为五天。总体而言，在暴露于单一药物的莴苣种子中，早期植物生长表现出急性毒性的迹象。然而，这种抑制作用在急性暴露于混合物时趋于被抵消。本研究表明，评估药物混合物的毒性非常重要，因为与单一化合物相比，它们可能具有不同的毒性效应，而且可能更接近环境中存在的实际情况。
