School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Warwickshire, CV4 7AL, UK.
Plant Cell Environ. 2019 Aug;42(8):2325-2339. doi: 10.1111/pce.13561. Epub 2019 May 9.
Aquaporins influence water flow in plants, yet little is known of their involvement in the water-driven process of seed germination. We therefore investigated their role in seeds in the laboratory and under field and global warming conditions. We mapped the expression of tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIPs) during dormancy cycling and during germination under normal and water stress conditions. We found that the two key tonoplast aquaporins, TIP3;1 and TIP3;2, which have previously been implicated in water or solute transport, respectively, act antagonistically to modulate the response to abscisic acid, with TIP3;1 being a positive and TIP3;2 a negative regulator. A third isoform, TIP4;1, which is normally expressed upon completion of germination, was found to play an earlier role during water stress. Seed TIPs also contribute to the regulation of depth of primary dormancy and differences in the induction of secondary dormancy during dormancy cycling. Protein and gene expression during annual cycling under field conditions and a global warming scenario further illustrate this role. We propose that the different responses of the seed TIP contribute to mechanisms that influence dormancy status and the timing of germination under variable soil conditions.
水通道蛋白影响植物中的水流,但其在种子萌发的水力驱动过程中的作用却知之甚少。因此,我们在实验室条件下和田间及全球变暖条件下研究了它们在种子中的作用。我们在正常和水分胁迫条件下休眠循环和萌发过程中绘制了液泡膜内在蛋白 (TIP) 的表达图谱。我们发现,先前分别与水或溶质运输有关的两个关键液泡膜水通道蛋白 TIP3;1 和 TIP3;2 拮抗作用以调节对脱落酸的反应,其中 TIP3;1 是正调节剂,TIP3;2 是负调节剂。第三个同工型 TIP4;1 在正常萌发完成后表达,在水分胁迫期间发挥更早的作用。种子 TIP 还参与调节初级休眠的深度和休眠循环过程中次级休眠的诱导差异。田间条件下年度循环和全球变暖情景下的蛋白质和基因表达进一步说明了这一作用。我们提出,种子 TIP 的不同反应有助于影响休眠状态和在不同土壤条件下萌发时机的机制。