Edama Mutsuaki, Takabayashi Tomoya, Inai Takuma, Kikumoto Takanori, Hirabayashi Ryo, Ito Wataru, Nakamura Emi, Ikezu Masahiro, Kaneko Fumiya, Kageyama Ikuo
Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-ku, Niigata, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan.
Department of Anatomy, School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, Nippon Dental University, Niigata, Japan.
Surg Radiol Anat. 2019 Jun;41(6):689-692. doi: 10.1007/s00276-019-02240-9. Epub 2019 Apr 16.
The purpose of this research was to clarify the relationships between quadratus plantae (QP) and flexor digitorum longus (FDL) and flexor hallucis longus (FHL) using large-scale specimens.
This study examined 116 legs from 62 Japanese cadavers. The QP was classified as: Type I, formed by the lateral and medial heads; Type II, the lateral head is absent; and Type III, the medial head is absent. The FHL branches to the lesser toes were classified as: Type A, connection from FHL to toe 2; Type B, connection from FHL to toes 2 and 3; Type C, connection from FHL to toes 2-4. Next, the relationships between QP and FHL and FDL were observed.
Type I accounted for 87%, Type II for 10%, and Type III for 3%. Type A accounted for 33%, Type B for 53%, and Type C for 14%. Regarding the relationship between QP and FDL, regardless of the classification of the connections of the FHL tendon slip to the lesser toes, QP attachments to FDL branching to toes 2, 3, and 4 were seen in 47-59%. Furthermore, QP attachments to FDL branching to toes 2, 3, 4, and 5 were seen in 41-47%.
QP appears to function strongly to counter the oblique pull of FDL and FHL and as a lesser digit plantar flexor.
本研究的目的是使用大规模标本阐明跖方肌（QP）与趾长屈肌（FDL）和拇长屈肌（FHL）之间的关系。
本研究检查了来自62具日本尸体的116条腿。QP分为：I型，由外侧头和内侧头形成；II型，外侧头缺失；III型，内侧头缺失。FHL向小趾的分支分为：A型，FHL与第2趾相连；B型，FHL与第2和第3趾相连；C型，FHL与第2至第4趾相连。接下来，观察QP与FHL和FDL之间的关系。
I型占87%，II型占10%，III型占3%。A型占33%，B型占53%，C型占14%。关于QP与FDL的关系，无论FHL肌腱滑向小趾的连接分类如何，QP附着于FDL分支至第2、3和4趾的情况在47%至59%之间可见。此外，QP附着于FDL分支至第2、3、4和5趾的情况在41%至47%之间可见。
QP似乎在很大程度上起到抵消FDL和FHL的斜向拉力的作用，并作为较小趾的跖屈肌。
