Huang Ying Bo, Tang Wen Guang, Xiao Xiao Ping, Tang Hai Ming, Li Chao, Cheng Kai Kai, Wang Ke
Hunan Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Changsha 410125, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2019 Apr;30(4):1119-1126. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201904.024.
To investigate the effects of different planting patterns on soil nutrient contents, rice yield, nitrogen production efficiency, and apparent nutrient balance, a long-term field experiment was conducted in Changsha, Hunan, China. Four planting patterns were examined, including winter fallow-double cropping rice (CK), ryegrass-double cropping rice (Ry-R-R), Chinese milk vetch-double cropping rice (Mv-R-R), rape-double cropping rice (Ra-R-R). Compared with CK, soil total nitrogen (N) and available N were significantly higher under Ry-R-R, Mv-R-R and Ra-R-R. However, soil available potassium (K) content in CK was significantly higher than that in the other treatments. In addition, the N partial factor productivity in the late rice cropping was significantly higher under Ry-R-R, Mv-R-R and Ra-R-R. The N accumulation in panicles, stems and leaves of late rice under Ry-R-R, Mv-R-R and Ra-R-R were significantly higher than that in CK. Furthermore, the rice yield in Ry-R-R and Mv-R-R were significantly higher in comparison to CK. A significant positive correlation between grain yield and soil N content was observed. Compared with CK, Ry-R-R and Mv-R-R significantly increased the surplus of soil N and phosphorus content, but Ry-R-R and Ra-R-R increased the surplus of K content. Overall, winter crop-double rice cropping system could improve soil nutrient contents and N production efficiency, alleviate K deficiency, which would be beneficial to soil nutrient balance of paddy soils. Given the high surplus of N in paddy soils, N fertilizers should be reduced.
为研究不同种植模式对土壤养分含量、水稻产量、氮素生产效率及表观养分平衡的影响，在中国湖南长沙进行了一项长期田间试验。试验考察了四种种植模式，包括冬闲-双季稻（CK）、黑麦草-双季稻（Ry-R-R）、紫云英-双季稻（Mv-R-R）、油菜-双季稻（Ra-R-R）。与CK相比，Ry-R-R、Mv-R-R和Ra-R-R处理下土壤全氮（N）和碱解氮显著提高。然而，CK处理下土壤速效钾（K）含量显著高于其他处理。此外，晚稻季Ry-R-R、Mv-R-R和Ra-R-R处理下的氮素偏生产力显著较高。Ry-R-R、Mv-R-R和Ra-R-R处理下晚稻穗部、茎部和叶片中的氮积累量显著高于CK。此外，Ry-R-R和Mv-R-R的水稻产量显著高于CK。籽粒产量与土壤氮含量之间存在显著正相关。与CK相比，Ry-R-R和Mv-R-R显著增加了土壤氮和磷含量的盈余，但Ry-R-R和Ra-R-R增加了钾含量的盈余。总体而言，冬季作物-双季稻种植系统可提高土壤养分含量和氮素生产效率，缓解钾素缺乏，有利于稻田土壤养分平衡。鉴于稻田土壤氮素盈余较高，应减少氮肥施用量。
