Li Yu, Liu Yan Ling, Bai Yi Jing, Zhang Ya Rong, Huang Xing Cheng, Zhang Wen An, Jiang Tai Ming
Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China.
Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation and Agriculture Environment Guizhou, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guiyang 550006, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2019 Apr;30(4):1327-1334. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201904.020.
To explore the rational fertilization mode to improve the availability of soil phosphorus (P), we analyzed the changes and coupling characteristics of soil carbon (C) and P, microbial biomass C (MBC) and P (MBP) under different fertilization modes with a successive 22-year field experiment in yellow paddy soil. The experiment had 10 treatments, including no fertilization (CK), single application of nitrogen (N), combination of phosphorus and potassium (PK), combination of nitrogen and potassium (NK), combination of nitrogen and phosphorus (NP), combination of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK), single application of organic fertilizer (M), and three organic-inorganic fertilizer combinations (1/4M+3/4NP, 0.5MNP, MNPK). The results showed that, compared with CK, the contents of total organic C (TOC), total P (TP), MBC and MBP in N and NK treatments decreased to some extent, while those in PK, NP and NPK treatments increased. Compared with the treatments of no fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer, the contents of TOC, MBC, MBP and MBP/TP ratio in treatments with manure significantly increased, among which M and MPNK treatments showed the strongest enhancement. The treatments with manure had the lowest MBC/MBP ratio, TOC/MBP ratio and MBC/TP ratio, while N treatment had the highest value. MBC, MBP, MBP/TP ratio, MBC/MBP ratio, TOC/MBP ratio and MBC/TP ratio were significantly correlated with TOC and available P, TOC was the direct factor affecting MBC, MBP, and MBP/TP ratio, while available P was the direct factor affecting MBC/MBP ratio, TOC/MBP ratio, MBC/TP ratio. In summary, soil MBP content and the coupling relationship between C and P could effectively distinguish the modes of production with single chemical fertilizer application and manure application, and could be used as biological indices in the evaluation of soil P fertility. Combined application of manure is an effective way to enhance P availability and increase its potential capacity and maintain soil biological health in yellow paddy soil.
为探究提高土壤磷（P）有效性的合理施肥模式，我们通过在黄棕壤上连续22年的田间试验，分析了不同施肥模式下土壤碳（C）和磷、微生物量碳（MBC）和磷（MBP）的变化及耦合特征。试验设10个处理，包括不施肥（CK）、单施氮（N）、磷钾配施（PK）、氮钾配施（NK）、氮磷配施（NP）、氮磷钾配施（NPK）、单施有机肥（M）以及三种有机无机肥配施组合（1/4M + 3/4NP、0.5MNP、MNPK）。结果表明，与CK相比，N和NK处理的总有机碳（TOC）、总磷（TP）、MBC和MBP含量有所下降，而PK、NP和NPK处理的则有所增加。与不施肥和无机肥处理相比，施有机肥处理的TOC、MBC、MBP和MBP/TP比值显著增加，其中M和MPNK处理增幅最大。施有机肥处理的MBC/MBP比值、TOC/MBP比值和MBC/TP比值最低，而N处理最高。MBC、MBP、MBP/TP比值、MBC/MBP比值、TOC/MBP比值和MBC/TP比值与TOC和有效磷显著相关，TOC是影响MBC、MBP和MBP/TP比值的直接因素，而有效磷是影响MBC/MBP比值、TOC/MBP比值、MBC/TP比值的直接因素。综上所述，土壤MBP含量以及C和P的耦合关系能够有效区分单施化肥和施有机肥的生产模式，可作为评价土壤磷肥力的生物学指标。在黄棕壤上，有机肥与化肥配施是提高磷有效性、增加其潜在容量并维持土壤生物健康的有效途径。
