The Australian Wine Research Institute, P.O. Box 197, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia.
Molecules. 2019 Apr 17;24(8):1523. doi: 10.3390/molecules24081523.
The impact of oxygen exposure during winemaking on metal ion concentrations in wine were investigated throughout the winemaking process in a Chardonnay wine. The concentrations of Al, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Sn, and Zn were determined using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Oxygen exposure significantly impacted 13 metal ions at different phases of winemaking. However, only the concentrations of Cr, Cu, and Fe were impacted by early oxygen exposure during pressing, with lower Cr and Cu concentrations in wines that were aerobically pressed and lower concentrations of Fe in wines that were inertly pressed. The sequestering of Al, Cu, Ni, and Zn by wine lees was significantly affected by oxygen treatment, with lees collected from wines that were treated oxidatively sequestering significantly greater amounts of Cu and Zn and removing these metals from the wine supernatant. The metal ion that was most affected by oxygen exposure during pressing and handling was Cu, with significantly lower Cu measured in wines that were produced under oxidative conditions. It is known that elevated Cu concentrations have negative implications for wine aroma and flavour. This study demonstrated that oxygen management during winemaking significantly impacts metal ion concentrations in lees and wine, which may decrease the risk of developing taints and faults.
在霞多丽葡萄酒的整个酿造过程中，研究了酿造过程中氧气暴露对葡萄酒中金属离子浓度的影响。采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定了 Al、Ca、Co、Cr、Cu、Fe、K、Mg、Mn、Na、Ni、Sn 和 Zn 的浓度。氧气暴露在酿造的不同阶段显著影响了 13 种金属离子。然而，只有在压榨早期的有氧压榨过程中，Cr、Cu 和 Fe 的浓度受到早期氧气暴露的影响，而 Cr 和 Cu 的浓度在有氧压榨的葡萄酒中较低，Fe 的浓度在惰性压榨的葡萄酒中较低。酒渣对 Al、Cu、Ni 和 Zn 的螯合作用明显受到氧气处理的影响，经氧化处理的酒渣从葡萄酒中螯合出更多的 Cu 和 Zn，并将这些金属从葡萄酒上清液中去除。在压榨和处理过程中受氧气暴露影响最大的金属离子是 Cu，在氧化条件下生产的葡萄酒中 Cu 的含量明显较低。众所周知，Cu 浓度升高对葡萄酒的香气和风味有负面影响。本研究表明，酿造过程中的氧气管理显著影响了酒渣和葡萄酒中金属离子的浓度，这可能降低产生异味和缺陷的风险。
