Durga Adabala Vijaya, Manorenj Sandhya
Department of Dietetics, ESIC Superspeciality Hospital, ESIC Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
Department of Neurology, Princess Esra Hospital, Deccan College of Medical Science, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
J Neurosci Rural Pract. 2019 Apr-Jun;10(2):283-293. doi: 10.4103/jnrp.jnrp_237_18.
Diet plays a crucial role in the occurrence of stroke. But very few studies have so far been conducted with focus on this aspect of acute stroke in India. The objective of the study was to identify the dietary pattern in patients with acute stroke in South India.
Patients with first-ever acute stroke (ischemic and hemorrhagic) admitted between June 2017 and November 2017 were enrolled and compared with age- and sex-matched controls. Information was collected using a pro forma.
Out of 293 acute stroke patients, 150 were enrolled and compared with 150 controls. The mean age was 52.3 ± 12.6; years 112 (74.6%) patients were male. The majority of them were on traditional diet that included a daily intake of rice (98.6%) and pulses (40.6%). Hypertension (73.3%) was the major vascular risk factor for stroke ( < 0.0001). Significant differences were observed in risk factors such as diabetes ( < 0.0001), smoking ( = 0.0001), alcohol use ( = 0.0017), and heart disease ( = 0.0002), when stroke patients were compared with controls. Stroke patients reported a lower intake of green leafy vegetables ( = 0.0001; odds ratio [OR] 0.17), roots and tubers ( = 0.0016; OR 0.21), and fruits ( = 0.0022; OR 0.29). There was at the same time a higher intake of red meat products ( = 0.04; OR 2.41), organ meats ( = 0.0093; OR 4.35), fried snacks ( = 0.0038; OR 2.01), and pickles ( = 0.04; OR 1.81) although the data suggested lesser consumption of prawn and crab ( = 0.04; OR 0.55) and water ( = 0.0001 OR 4.59) among stroke patients. Higher consumption of fruit juices ( = 0.0008) and junk foods ( = 0.03) was observed in young stroke patients (age ≤45 years) whereas the intake of chicken ( = 0.03) and alcohol ( = 0.0001) was observed to be more among men than among women.
Majority of stroke-afflicted patients in South India consume white rice and dal. There is lower intake of water, green leafy vegetables, and fruits and higher consumption of red meat, organ meat, and pickles among stroke patients.
饮食在中风的发生中起着关键作用。但迄今为止，印度针对急性中风这一方面的研究极少。本研究的目的是确定印度南部急性中风患者的饮食模式。
纳入2017年6月至2017年11月期间收治的首次发生急性中风（缺血性和出血性）患者，并与年龄和性别匹配的对照组进行比较。使用一份表格收集信息。
在293例急性中风患者中，150例被纳入研究并与150例对照组进行比较。平均年龄为52.3±12.6岁；112例（74.6%）患者为男性。他们中的大多数采用传统饮食，包括每日摄入大米（98.6%）和豆类（40.6%）。高血压（73.3%）是中风的主要血管危险因素（<0.0001）。与对照组相比，中风患者在糖尿病（<0.0001）、吸烟（=0.0001）、饮酒（=0.0017）和心脏病（=0.0002）等危险因素方面存在显著差异。中风患者报告绿叶蔬菜（=0.0001；优势比[OR]0.17）、根茎类蔬菜（=0.0016；OR 0.21）和水果（=0.0022；OR 0.29）的摄入量较低。同时，红肉产品（=0.04；OR 2.41）、动物内脏（=0.0093；OR 4.35）、油炸零食（=0.0038；OR 2.01）和泡菜（=0.04；OR 1.81）的摄入量较高，尽管数据表明中风患者对虾和蟹（=0.04；OR 0.55）以及水（=0.0001；OR 4.59）的消费量较少。年轻中风患者（年龄≤45岁）果汁（=0.0008）和垃圾食品（=0.03）的消费量较高，而男性鸡肉（=0.03）和酒精（=0.0001）的摄入量高于女性。
印度南部大多数中风患者食用白米和木豆。中风患者水、绿叶蔬菜和水果的摄入量较低，而红肉、动物内脏和泡菜的消费量较高。
