Pigarevsky P V, Snegova V A, Nazarov P G
Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg.
Kardiologiia. 2019 Apr 17;59(4):88-91. doi: 10.18087/cardio.2019.4.10254.
The modern data on structure and the functional activity of macrophages are presented in the review. It is shown that they are the nonhomogeneous cell population. Two of their main subpopulations are presented as M1 and M2 phenotypes which perform opposite functions at inflammation development. The main attention in the review is paid to a role of macrophages in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and, first, in formation of unstable atherosclerotic plaques which are the cause of the most severe complications of the disease. It is shown that main subpopulations of macrophages play different roles in formation of unstable and stable atherosclerotic plaques. Macrophages of M1 phenotype in the vascular wall carry out pro-atherogenic role and influence destabilization of an atherosclerotic plaque, while M2 macrophages perform atheroprotective function.
本综述介绍了巨噬细胞结构和功能活性的现代数据。结果表明，它们是异质性细胞群体。其两个主要亚群表现为M1和M2表型，在炎症发展过程中发挥相反的功能。本综述主要关注巨噬细胞在动脉粥样硬化发病机制中的作用，首先是在不稳定动脉粥样硬化斑块形成中的作用，这些斑块是该疾病最严重并发症的原因。结果表明，巨噬细胞的主要亚群在不稳定和稳定动脉粥样硬化斑块的形成中发挥不同作用。血管壁中M1表型的巨噬细胞发挥促动脉粥样硬化作用并影响动脉粥样硬化斑块的不稳定，而M2巨噬细胞则发挥抗动脉粥样硬化功能。
