a Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology , Tezpur University , Tezpur , India.
Expert Rev Proteomics. 2019 May;16(5):457-469. doi: 10.1080/14789450.2019.1609945. Epub 2019 Apr 27.
To study the venom proteome composition of Southern India (SI) Common Krait (Bungarus caeruleus) and immunological cross-reactivity between venom against commercial antivenom.
Proteomic analysis was done by nano LC-MS/MS and toxins were quantitated by label-free analysis. The immunological cross-reactivity of venom towards polyvalent antivenom (PAV) was assessed by ELISA, Immunoblotting, and immuno-chromatographic methods.
A total of 57 enzymatic and non-enzymatic proteins belonging to 12 snake venom protein families were identified. The three finger toxins (3FTx) (48.3%) and phospholipase A (PLA) (37.6%) represented the most abundant non-enzymatic and enzymatic proteins, respectively. β-bungarotoxin (12.9%), a presynaptic neurotoxin, was also identified. The venom proteome composition is well correlated with its enzymatic activities, reported pharmacological properties, and clinical manifestations of krait envenomation. Immuno-cross-reactivity studies demonstrated better recognition of high molecular weight proteins (>45 kDa) of this venom by PAVs compared to low molecular weight (<15 kDa) toxins such as PLA and 3FTxs.
The poor recognition of <15 kDa mass SI B. caeruleus venom proteins is of grave concern for the successful treatment of krait envenomation. Therefore, emphasis should be given to improve the immunization protocols and/or supplement of antibodies raised specifically against the <15 kDa toxins of this venom.
研究印度南部（SI）常见眼镜蛇（Bungarus caeruleus）的毒液蛋白质组组成，以及毒液与商业抗蛇毒血清之间的免疫交叉反应。
采用纳升 LC-MS/MS 进行蛋白质组分析，并采用无标记分析定量毒素。通过 ELISA、免疫印迹和免疫层析方法评估毒液对多价抗蛇毒血清（PAV）的免疫交叉反应。
共鉴定出 57 种属于 12 种蛇毒蛋白家族的酶和非酶蛋白。三指毒素（3FTx）（48.3%）和磷脂酶 A（PLA）（37.6%）分别代表最丰富的非酶和酶蛋白。还鉴定出β-银环蛇毒素（β-bungarotoxin）（12.9%），一种突触前神经毒素。毒液蛋白质组组成与其酶活性、已报道的药理学特性以及眼镜蛇咬伤的临床表现密切相关。免疫交叉反应研究表明，与 PLA 和 3FTx 等低分子量（<15 kDa）毒素相比，PAVs 更能识别这种毒液的高分子量（>45 kDa）蛋白。
<15 kDa 质量的 SI B. caeruleus 毒液蛋白识别能力差，这对成功治疗眼镜蛇咬伤非常不利。因此，应重视改进免疫方案和/或补充针对这种毒液<15 kDa 毒素的特异性抗体。
