Animal Toxin Group, Engineering Research Center of Active Substance and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China.
Laboratory of Amphibians and Reptiles, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China.
Toxins (Basel). 2024 Nov 16;16(11):494. doi: 10.3390/toxins16110494.
Kraits are venomous snakes of the genus from the family . Their venom typically demonstrates neurotoxicity; however, the toxicity is significantly influenced by the snake's species and geographical origin. Among the species, and have been poorly studied, with little to no information available regarding their venom composition. In this study, a proteomic approach was employed using LC-MS/MS to identify proteins from trypsin-digested peptides. The analysis revealed 102 venom-related proteins from 18 distinct functional protein families in the venom of , with the primary components being three-finger toxins (3-FTx, 25.84%), phospholipase A (PLA, 40.29%), L-amino acid oxidase (LAAO, 10.33%), Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitors (KUN, 9.48%), and snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs, 6.13%). In the venom of , 99 proteins from 17 families were identified, with primary components being 3-FTx (33.87%), PLA (37.91%), LAAO (4.21%), and KUN (16.60%). Enzymatic activity assays confirmed the presence of key venom enzymes. Additionally, the LD50 values for and were 0.0133 μg/g and 0.752 μg/g, respectively, providing a reference for toxicity studies of these two species. This research elucidates the proteomic differences in the venoms of these two species, offering a foundation for developing antivenoms and clinical treatments for envenomation.
眼镜蛇是眼镜蛇科的一种毒蛇。它们的毒液通常表现出神经毒性；然而，毒性受到蛇种和地理来源的显著影响。在这 18 个物种中， 和 研究得很少，关于它们的毒液成分几乎没有信息。在这项研究中，采用 LC-MS/MS 的蛋白质组学方法，从胰蛋白酶消化肽中鉴定蛋白质。分析结果显示，从 venom 中鉴定出 102 种与毒液相关的蛋白质，来自 18 个不同功能的蛋白质家族，主要成分是三指毒素 (3-FTx, 25.84%)、磷脂酶 A (PLA, 40.29%)、L-氨基酸氧化酶 (LAAO, 10.33%)、Kunitz 型丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂 (KUN, 9.48%) 和蛇毒金属蛋白酶 (SVMPs, 6.13%)。在 venom 中鉴定出 99 种蛋白质，来自 17 个家族，主要成分是 3-FTx (33.87%)、PLA (37.91%)、LAAO (4.21%) 和 KUN (16.60%)。酶活性测定证实了关键毒液酶的存在。此外， 和 的 LD50 值分别为 0.0133 μg/g 和 0.752 μg/g，为这两个物种的毒性研究提供了参考。这项研究阐明了这两个物种毒液的蛋白质组学差异，为开发抗蛇毒血清和临床治疗蛇咬伤提供了基础。
