Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.
Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Anticancer Discovery from Pets to People Theme, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.
J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2019 Jul;191:105364. doi: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.04.013. Epub 2019 Apr 16.
Cholesterol is essential for maintaining membrane fluidity in eukaryotes. Additionally, the synthetic cascade of cholesterol results in precursor molecules important for cellular function such as lipid raft formation and protein prenylation. As such, cholesterol homeostasis is tightly regulated. Interestingly, it is now known that some cholesterol precursors and many metabolites serve as active signaling molecules, binding to different classes of receptors including the nuclear receptors. Furthermore, many cholesterol metabolites or their nuclear receptors have been implicated in the regulation of the immune system in normal physiology and disease. Therefore, in this focused review, cholesterol homeostasis and nuclear receptors involved in this regulation will be discussed, with particular emphasis on how these cascades influence the immune system.
胆固醇对于真核生物的膜流动性至关重要。此外，胆固醇的合成级联反应产生了对于细胞功能很重要的前体分子，如脂筏形成和蛋白质的prenylation。因此，胆固醇的动态平衡受到严格的调控。有趣的是，现在人们已经知道，一些胆固醇前体和许多代谢物作为活性信号分子发挥作用，与包括核受体在内的不同种类的受体结合。此外，许多胆固醇代谢物或其核受体已被牵连到正常生理和疾病中的免疫系统的调节中。因此，在这篇重点综述中，我们将讨论胆固醇动态平衡和参与该调节的核受体，特别强调这些级联反应如何影响免疫系统。
