Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology, Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea.
Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Apr 18;20(8):1922. doi: 10.3390/ijms20081922.
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess a broad spectrum of therapeutic applications and have been used in clinical trials. MSCs are mainly retrieved from adult or fetal tissues. However, there are many obstacles with the use of tissue-derived MSCs, such as shortages of tissue sources, difficult and invasive retrieval methods, cell population heterogeneity, low purity, cell senescence, and loss of pluripotency and proliferative capacities over continuous passages. Therefore, other methods to obtain high-quality MSCs need to be developed to overcome the limitations of tissue-derived MSCs. Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), including embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), are considered potent sources for the derivation of MSCs. PSC-derived MSCs (PSC-MSCs) may surpass tissue-derived MSCs in proliferation capacity, immunomodulatory activity, and in vivo therapeutic applications. In this review, we will discuss basic as well as recent protocols for the production of PSC-MSCs and their in vitro and in vivo therapeutic efficacies. A better understanding of the current advances in the production of PSC-MSCs will inspire scientists to devise more efficient differentiation methods that will be a breakthrough in the clinical application of PSC-MSCs.
间充质干细胞（MSCs）具有广泛的治疗应用，并已在临床试验中使用。MSCs 主要从成人或胎儿组织中提取。然而，组织来源的 MSCs 存在许多障碍，如组织来源短缺、获取方法困难和有创、细胞群体异质性、纯度低、细胞衰老以及连续传代后多能性和增殖能力的丧失。因此，需要开发其他方法来获得高质量的 MSCs，以克服组织来源的 MSCs 的局限性。多能干细胞（PSCs），包括胚胎干细胞（ESCs）和诱导多能干细胞（iPSCs），被认为是 MSC 衍生的有效来源。PSC 衍生的 MSCs（PSC-MSCs）在增殖能力、免疫调节活性和体内治疗应用方面可能优于组织来源的 MSCs。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论 PSC-MSCs 的产生及其体外和体内治疗功效的基本和最新方案。更好地了解 PSC-MSCs 生产方面的最新进展将激发科学家们设计出更有效的分化方法，这将是 PSC-MSCs 临床应用的一个突破。
