互利共生对物种丰富度的影响。
The Impact of Mutualisms on Species Richness.
机构信息
Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK; The Queen's College, University of Oxford, High Street, Oxford OX1 4AW, UK.
Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
出版信息
Trends Ecol Evol. 2019 Aug;34(8):698-711. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2019.03.003. Epub 2019 Apr 17.
Mutualisms - cooperative interactions among different species - are known to influence global biodiversity. Nevertheless, theoretical and empirical work has led to divergent hypotheses about how mutualisms modulate diversity. We ask here when and how mutualisms influence species richness. Our synthesis suggests that mutualisms can promote or restrict species richness depending on mutualist function, the level of partner dependence, and the specificity of the partnership. These characteristics, which themselves are influenced by environmental and geographic variables, regulate species richness at different scales by modulating speciation, extinction, and community coexistence. Understanding the relative impact of these mechanisms on species richness will require the integration of new phylogenetic comparative models as well as the manipulation and monitoring of experimental communities and their resulting interaction networks.
互利共生关系——不同物种之间的合作关系——被认为会影响全球生物多样性。然而，理论和实证研究导致了关于互利共生如何调节多样性的假设出现分歧。我们在这里探讨互利共生关系何时以及如何影响物种丰富度。我们的综合研究表明，互利共生关系可以通过调节物种形成、灭绝和群落共存来促进或限制物种丰富度，这取决于共生体的功能、伙伴的依赖程度和伙伴关系的特异性。这些特征本身受到环境和地理变量的影响，通过调节物种形成、灭绝和群落共存来控制不同尺度上的物种丰富度。理解这些机制对物种丰富度的相对影响将需要整合新的系统发育比较模型，以及对实验群落及其产生的相互作用网络进行操作和监测。
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