Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
Prev Med. 2019 Aug;125:32-39. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.04.009. Epub 2019 Apr 17.
In the United States (US), racial/ethnic groups differ in cigarette smoking behaviors. We examined changes in cigarette prevalence and quit ratios over 15 years by racial/ethnic group (Non-Hispanic (NH) White, NH Black, Hispanic, NH Other). Data were drawn from the 2002-2016 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) public use data files and analyzed in 2018. Linear time trends of the prevalence of daily, nondaily, and menthol cigarette use and quit ratios (i.e., proportion of former smokers among lifetime smokers) were assessed using logistic regression models. 19.35% of NH White persons were daily smokers in 2016; this prevalence was significantly higher than all other groups (NH Black 10.99%, Hispanic 6.81%, NH Other 9.10%). Menthol use was significantly more common among NH Black individuals than all other groups in every year from 2002 to 2016 (2016: NH Black 23.38%, NH White 14.52%, Hispanic 10.49%, NH Other 8.97%). From 2002 to 2016, daily and nondaily smoking decreased significantly among all groups. The rate of decline of nondaily smoking was more rapid among Hispanic than NH White individuals while the rate of menthol smoking decline was more rapid among NH White than among Hispanic individuals. The quit ratio did not change significantly from 2002 to 2016 among NH Black individuals (31% to 35%) in contrast to a significant increase among NH White (2002, 45%; 2016, 50%) and Hispanic (2002, 33%; 2016, 41%) individuals. Further progress in tobacco control for vulnerable groups may need to include innovative strategies to address these concerning trends.
在美国，不同种族/族裔群体的吸烟行为存在差异。我们通过种族/族裔群体（非西班牙裔白人、非西班牙裔黑人、西班牙裔、其他非西班牙裔），考察了 15 年来香烟流行率和戒烟率的变化。数据来自 2002-2016 年全国药物使用和健康调查（NSDUH）公共使用数据文件，并于 2018 年进行了分析。使用逻辑回归模型评估了每日、非每日和薄荷醇香烟使用率以及戒烟率（即终生吸烟者中前吸烟者的比例）的线性时间趋势。2016 年，非西班牙裔白种人中有 19.35%是每日吸烟者；这一比例明显高于其他所有群体（非西班牙裔黑人 10.99%，西班牙裔 6.81%，其他非西班牙裔 9.10%）。从 2002 年到 2016 年，每年使用薄荷醇的非西班牙裔黑人都明显多于其他所有群体（2016 年：非西班牙裔黑人 23.38%，非西班牙裔白人 14.52%，西班牙裔 10.49%，其他非西班牙裔 8.97%）。从 2002 年到 2016 年，所有群体的每日和非每日吸烟率都显著下降。与非西班牙裔白人相比，西班牙裔人群中非每日吸烟率下降的速度更快，而与西班牙裔相比，非西班牙裔白人人群中薄荷醇吸烟率下降的速度更快。与非西班牙裔白人（2002 年，45%；2016 年，50%）和西班牙裔（2002 年，33%；2016 年，41%）相比，非西班牙裔黑人的戒烟率在 2002 年至 2016 年间没有显著变化（31%至 35%）。为弱势人群实施的烟草控制措施可能需要纳入创新战略，以解决这些令人担忧的趋势。
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