Administration for Farmland Quality and Fertilizer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310020, China.
State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control / Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture / Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China.
Chemosphere. 2019 Jul;227:489-495. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.064. Epub 2019 Apr 13.
The contaminants, instead of single contaminants, are usually found as chemical mixtures in terrestrial environment. However, little information is now available about the joint effects of heavy metals and farm chemicals on the soil organism. Our current study aimed to assess the combined toxicity of cadmium (Cd) and four pesticides (atrazine, chlorpyrifos, lambda-cyhalothrin and abamectin) to the earthworm (Eisenia fetida) with binary, ternary, quaternary and quinquenary mixtures. Two distinct kinds of bioassay systems were applied in this study, including contact filter paper test and artificial soil test. Synergistic effects were observed from two quaternary mixtures (Cd-Atrazine-Chlorpyrifos-Lambda-cyhalothrin and Cd-Chlorpyrifos-Lambda-cyhalothrin-Abamectin) and one quinquenary mixture (Cd-Atrazine-Chlorpyrifos-Lambda-cyhalothrin-Abamectin) in both bioassay systems. Besides, two binary mixtures (Cd-Atrazine and Cd-Lambda-cyhalothrin) and three ternary mixtures (Cd-Atrazine-Chlorpyrifos, Cd-Atrazine-Lambda-cyhalothrin and Cd-Chlorpyrifos-Lambda-cyhalothrin) also exhibited synergistic effects on E. fetida by the soil toxicity test. It is more practical to evaluate the contaminant toxicities to earthworm by soil toxicity test. Therefore, the effects of chemical mixtures on soil invertebrates might be underestimated by data obtained from single toxicant. Our findings would offer a better understanding of the complex effects of chemical mixtures on non-target living creatures, and these findings provided valuable insights into the interplay of different chemicals in natural environment.
污染物通常不是单一污染物，而是在陆地环境中以化学混合物的形式存在。然而，目前关于重金属和农用化学品对土壤生物的联合效应的信息很少。我们目前的研究旨在评估镉 (Cd) 和四种农药（莠去津、毒死蜱、高效氯氟氰菊酯和阿维菌素）对蚯蚓（赤子爱胜蚓）的二元、三元、四元和五元混合物的联合毒性。本研究应用了两种不同的生物测定系统，包括接触滤纸试验和人工土壤试验。在这两种生物测定系统中，观察到四个四元混合物（Cd-莠去津-毒死蜱-高效氯氟氰菊酯和 Cd-毒死蜱-高效氯氟氰菊酯-阿维菌素）和一个五元混合物（Cd-莠去津-毒死蜱-高效氯氟氰菊酯-阿维菌素）表现出协同作用。此外，两个二元混合物（Cd-莠去津和 Cd-高效氯氟氰菊酯）和三个三元混合物（Cd-莠去津-毒死蜱、Cd-莠去津-高效氯氟氰菊酯和 Cd-毒死蜱-高效氯氟氰菊酯）在土壤毒性试验中对 E. fetida 也表现出协同作用。通过土壤毒性试验评估污染物对蚯蚓的毒性更为实际。因此，通过单一毒物获得的数据可能低估了化学混合物对土壤无脊椎动物的影响。我们的研究结果将更好地理解化学混合物对非靶标生物的复杂影响，并为了解自然环境中不同化学物质的相互作用提供有价值的见解。
