Miyazaki K, Sekiya T, Fu D, Bowman K W, Kulawik S S, Sudo K, Walker T, Kanaya Y, Takigawa M, Ogochi K, Eskes H, Boersma K F, Thompson A M, Gaubert B, Barre J, Emmons L K
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology Yokohama Japan.
Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA USA.
J Geophys Res Atmos. 2019 Jan 16;124(1):387-413. doi: 10.1029/2018JD028912. Epub 2019 Jan 3.
Global multiconstituent concentration and emission fields obtained from the assimilation of the satellite retrievals of ozone, CO, NO, HNO, and SO from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment 2, Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere, Microwave Limb Sounder, and Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS)/OMI are used to understand the processes controlling air pollution during the Korea-United States Air Quality (KORUS-AQ) campaign. Estimated emissions in South Korea were 0.42 Tg N for NO and 1.1 Tg CO for CO, which were 40% and 83% higher, respectively, than the a priori bottom-up inventories, and increased mean ozone concentration by up to 7.5 ± 1.6 ppbv. The observed boundary layer ozone exceeded 90 ppbv over Seoul under stagnant phases, whereas it was approximately 60 ppbv during dynamical conditions given equivalent emissions. Chemical reanalysis showed that mean ozone concentration was persistently higher over Seoul (75.10 ± 7.6 ppbv) than the broader KORUS-AQ domain (70.5 ± 9.2 ppbv) at 700 hPa. Large bias reductions (>75%) in the free tropospheric OH show that multiple-species assimilation is critical for balanced tropospheric chemistry analysis and emissions. The assimilation performance was dependent on the particular phase. While the evaluation of data assimilation fields shows an improved agreement with aircraft measurements in ozone (to less than 5 ppbv biases), CO, NO, SO, PAN, and OH profiles, lower tropospheric ozone analysis error was largest at stagnant conditions, whereas the model errors were mostly removed by data assimilation under dynamic weather conditions. Assimilation of new AIRS/OMI ozone profiles allowed for additional error reductions, especially under dynamic weather conditions. Our results show the important balance of dynamics and emissions both on pollution and the chemical assimilation system performance.
利用从臭氧监测仪（OMI）、全球臭氧监测实验2、对流层污染测量、微波临边探测仪以及大气红外探测仪（AIRS）/OMI获取的臭氧、一氧化碳（CO）、一氧化氮（NO）、亚硝酸（HNO）和二氧化硫（SO）的卫星反演数据同化得到的全球多成分浓度和排放场，来了解美韩空气质量（KORUS - AQ）行动期间控制空气污染的过程。韩国的NO排放量估计为0.42太克氮，CO排放量为1.1太克，分别比先验自下而上清单高出40%和83%，并使平均臭氧浓度增加了高达7.5±1.6 ppbv。在停滞阶段，首尔上空观测到的边界层臭氧超过90 ppbv，而在排放相当的动态条件下约为60 ppbv。化学再分析表明，在700百帕高度，首尔上空的平均臭氧浓度（75.10±7.6 ppbv）持续高于更广泛的KORUS - AQ区域（70.5±9.2 ppbv）。自由对流层OH的大幅偏差减少（>75%）表明，多物种同化对于平衡对流层化学分析和排放至关重要。同化性能取决于特定阶段。虽然数据同化场的评估显示与飞机测量的臭氧（偏差小于5 ppbv）、CO、NO、SO、过氧乙酰硝酸酯（PAN）和OH廓线的一致性有所改善，但对流层下部臭氧分析误差在停滞条件下最大，而在动态天气条件下，模型误差大多通过数据同化得以消除。新的AIRS/OMI臭氧廓线的同化进一步减少了误差，尤其是在动态天气条件下。我们的结果表明，动力学和排放对于污染以及化学同化系统性能都具有重要的平衡作用。
