Petkus Andrew J, Resnick Susan M, Rapp Stephen R, Espeland Mark A, Gatz Margaret, Widaman Keith F, Wang Xinhui, Younan Diana, Casanova Ramon, Chui Helena, Barnard Ryan T, Gaussoin Sarah, Goveas Joseph S, Hayden Kathleen M, Henderson Victor W, Sachs Bonnie C, Saldana Santiago, Shadyab Aladdin H, Shumaker Sally A, Chen Jiu-Chiuan
Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
National Institute on Aging, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Alzheimers Dement (N Y). 2019 Apr 10;5:118-128. doi: 10.1016/j.trci.2019.02.003. eCollection 2019.
In a geographically diverse sample of women, we asked whether cognitive reserve (CR) is best viewed as a general or cognitive domain-specific construct and whether some cognitive reserve domains but not others exert protective effects on risk of developing mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia.
Estimates of general and domain-specific CR were derived via variance decomposition in 972 cognitively intact women from the Women's Health Initiative Study of Cognitive Aging and Women's Health Memory Study Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Women were then followed up for 13 years.
General CR was the strongest predictor of reduced risk for both MCI and dementia, compared to domain-specific CR measures. Verbal memory, figural memory, and spatial CR were independently protective of MCI, but only verbal memory was independently associated with reduced risk for dementia.
Cognitive reserve is a heterogenous construct with valid quantitative measures identifiable across different neuropsychological processes associated with MCI and dementia.
在一个地域分布广泛的女性样本中，我们探讨了认知储备（CR）究竟应被视为一个一般性的还是特定认知领域的概念，以及某些认知储备领域而非其他领域是否对发生轻度认知障碍（MCI）或痴呆症的风险具有保护作用。
通过对来自女性健康倡议认知老化研究和女性健康记忆研究磁共振成像的972名认知功能完好的女性进行方差分解，得出一般性和特定领域认知储备的估计值。随后对这些女性进行了13年的随访。
与特定领域认知储备指标相比，一般性认知储备是MCI和痴呆症风险降低的最强预测因素。言语记忆、图形记忆和空间认知储备对MCI具有独立的保护作用，但只有言语记忆与痴呆症风险降低独立相关。
认知储备是一个异质性概念，在与MCI和痴呆症相关的不同神经心理学过程中可识别出有效的定量测量方法。
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