Skogvold Lars, Magnussen Liv Heide
Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Department of Health and Functioning, Western Norway of Applied and Sciences, Post Box 7030, N-Bergen, Norway.
Physiother Res Int. 2019 Jul;24(3):e1778. doi: 10.1002/pri.1778. Epub 2019 Apr 22.
Headache is the most common cause of chronic pain in children and adolescents and may influence on several of the life's arenas such as high absence from school and inability to maintain leisure time activities. Adolescents with chronic headache also report co-morbidities such as anxiety, depression, insomnia, and reduced quality of life. This study aimed to explore which strategies adolescents use to cope with chronic tension-type headache in everyday life.
A qualitative design with semistructured individual interviews was used. A strategic sample of 17 adolescents aged 14-19 with tension-type headache participated in the study. The interviews were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were analysed using systematic text condensation.
To deal with the headache in everyday life, the adolescence expressed that it is important to have a good structure during the day, especially regarding regular meals and enough sleep. Sufficient rest and relaxation were also highlighted as crucial. Some of the adolescence had tried different therapies to help ease the pain but with varying effect. All of the adolescents had used or were using pain relievers, but they were ambivalent to the benefits. Low-intensity physical activity was perceived as beneficial and gave increased overall well-being. Such activity also gave release and distraction from the headache.
The adolescents used both problem-focused active strategies and emotion-focused passive strategies to deal with their headache in daily life. Through exploration and awareness of the types of behaviour that worked and did not work, they had arrived at strategies that helped them cope with their headache and its consequences.
头痛是儿童和青少年慢性疼痛最常见的原因，可能会影响生活的多个方面，如高缺勤率和无法维持休闲活动。患有慢性头痛的青少年还报告有焦虑、抑郁、失眠等合并症，以及生活质量下降。本研究旨在探讨青少年在日常生活中应对慢性紧张型头痛所采用的策略。
采用半结构化个体访谈的定性设计。选取了17名年龄在14 - 19岁、患有紧张型头痛的青少年作为策略性样本参与研究。访谈进行录音并逐字转录。使用系统文本浓缩法对转录文本进行分析。
为了在日常生活中应对头痛，青少年表示白天保持良好的生活规律很重要，尤其是规律饮食和充足睡眠。充足的休息和放松也被强调为至关重要。一些青少年尝试过不同的疗法来缓解疼痛，但效果各异。所有青少年都曾使用或正在使用止痛药，但他们对其益处持矛盾态度。低强度体育活动被认为有益，能提高整体幸福感。这类活动还能缓解头痛并分散注意力。
青少年在日常生活中使用了以问题为导向的积极策略和以情绪为导向的消极策略来应对头痛。通过探索和了解哪些行为有效、哪些无效，他们找到了有助于应对头痛及其后果的策略。
