Villagra-Blanco Rodolfo, Esquivel-Suárez Andrea, Wagner Henrik, Romero-Zúñiga Juan José, Taubert Anja, Wehrend Axel, Hermosilla Carlos, Dolz Gaby
Programa de Investigación en Medicina Poblacional, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional (UNA), P.O. Box 86-3000, Heredia, Costa Rica; Clinic for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Andrology of Large and Small Animals with Veterinary Ambulance, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; Institute of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
Programa de Investigación en Medicina Poblacional, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional (UNA), P.O. Box 86-3000, Heredia, Costa Rica.
Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports. 2018 Dec;14:79-84. doi: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2018.09.006. Epub 2018 Sep 19.
A total of 391 goats from 13 dairy flocks from all Costa Rican regions were analyzed for Toxoplasma gondii-, Neospora caninum- and Coxiella burnetii-related seroprevalence by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Additionally, a risk factor analysis for these parasitic infections was performed based on a questionnaire considering several environmental and housing/management factors. A total of 62.1% (243/391) of individual serum samples revealed seropositive for T. gondii, 7.9% (31/391) for N. caninum, and 1.8% (7/391) for C. burnetii. At herd level, the overall seroprevalence for T. gondii was 100%, for N. caninum 69.2% and for C. burnetii 7.7%. However, no clinical signs related to toxoplasmosis, neosporosis or Q fever were apparent in these flocks. T. gondii-related risk factors were the contact with cats (OR = 3.44; CI 95%; 2.0-5.91), dogs (OR = 5.75; CI 95%; 2.84-11.66), and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) (OR = 0.15; CI 95%; 0.08-0.26) within or around the farms. The presence of reproductive males in each flock (OR = 0.32; CI 95%; 0.14-0.74) and the coexistence of sheep (OR = 0.46; CI 95%; 0.2-1.08) and cattle (OR = 5.94; CI 95%; 1.70-20.78) revealed as protective and risk factors respectively for N. caninum infections. This study determined for the first time the seroprevalences of N. caninum, T. gondii and C. burnetii in Costa Rican goat flocks. Particularly, the high within-herd seroprevalences determined for T. gondii requires further surveillance to complement these findings.
通过酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）对来自哥斯达黎加所有地区13个奶牛群的391只山羊进行了弓形虫、犬新孢子虫和伯氏考克斯体相关血清阳性率分析。此外，基于一份考虑了若干环境及饲养/管理因素的问卷，对这些寄生虫感染进行了风险因素分析。共有62.1%（243/391）的个体血清样本显示弓形虫血清阳性，7.9%（31/391）为犬新孢子虫血清阳性，1.8%（7/391）为伯氏考克斯体血清阳性。在畜群水平上，弓形虫的总体血清阳性率为100%，犬新孢子虫为69.2%，伯氏考克斯体为7.7%。然而，在这些畜群中未观察到与弓形虫病、新孢子虫病或Q热相关的临床症状。与弓形虫感染相关的风险因素包括在农场内或农场周围与猫（比值比[OR]=3.44；95%置信区间[CI]：2.0 - 5.91）、狗（OR=5.75；CI 95%；2.84 - 11.66）以及白尾鹿（弗吉尼亚白尾鹿）（OR=0.15；CI 95%；0.08 - 0.26）的接触。每个畜群中繁殖期雄性的存在（OR=0.32；CI 95%；0.14 - 0.74）以及绵羊（OR=0.46；CI 95%；0.2 - 1.08）和牛（OR=5.94；CI 95%；1.70 - 20.78）的共存分别被发现是犬新孢子虫感染的保护因素和风险因素。本研究首次确定了哥斯达黎加山羊群中犬新孢子虫、弓形虫和伯氏考克斯体的血清阳性率。特别是，所确定的畜群内弓形虫高血清阳性率需要进一步监测以补充这些发现。
