Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Via Po 14, 10123, Turin, Italy.
Institute of Criminology, Sidgwick Site, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, CB3 9DA, UK.
Int J Legal Med. 2019 Jul;133(4):1295-1307. doi: 10.1007/s00414-019-02061-w. Epub 2019 Apr 23.
This paper addresses femicide in Italy. The assumption is that femicide is not a discrete act of killing a woman. It is assumed that depending on the types of relationship between the victim and the perpetrator (e.g., known versus unknown, intimate versus acquaintance), the risk processes may differ. When femicide involves the killing of an intimate partner, it is likely to be characterized by sustained and escalating intimate partner violence (IPV) that can reach its climax with extreme acts of violence that lead to intimate partner femicide (IPF). Eighty-six cases of femicide that occurred in North-West Italy between 1993 and 2013 were examined in this study. Findings suggest that femicide was disproportionately perpetrated by intimate partners (current or past), rather than strangers. IPF was likely to be the epilogue of an abusive relationship, with high levels of contentiousness and conflicts being the frequent significant precursors. Non-intimate partner femicide (NPF) was more likely to be characterized by antisocial or predatory motives, highly frequent when the victims were prostitutes.These preliminary findings suggest that joint scientific, professional, and political efforts are paramount in order to address strategies aimed at assessing the differential risk of IPV early in time so as to prevent it from escalating into IPF or NPF and to provide the appropriate support for victims and their families.
本文探讨了意大利的女性杀人案。假设女性杀人案不是杀害女性的单一行为。可以假设，根据受害者和犯罪者之间的关系类型（例如，已知与未知、亲密关系与熟人关系），风险过程可能会有所不同。当女性杀人案涉及杀害亲密伴侣时，很可能具有持续且不断升级的亲密伴侣暴力（IPV），这种暴力可能会达到极端行为的高潮，导致亲密伴侣女性杀人（IPF）。本研究检查了 1993 年至 2013 年期间在意大利西北部发生的 86 起女性杀人案。研究结果表明，女性杀人案的犯罪者多为亲密伴侣（现任或前任），而不是陌生人。IPF 很可能是虐待关系的尾声，高水平的争吵和冲突是常见的重要前兆。非亲密伴侣女性杀人案（NPF）更可能具有反社会或掠夺性动机，当受害者是妓女时，这种情况更为常见。这些初步发现表明，为了制定旨在及早评估 IPV 差异化风险的策略，联合开展科学、专业和政治工作至关重要，以防止其升级为 IPF 或 NPF，并为受害者及其家属提供适当的支持。
