Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
PLoS One. 2019 Apr 24;14(4):e0215926. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215926. eCollection 2019.
Fish are rich in n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), such as eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids, thus they have a great nutritional value for human health. In this study, the adipogenic potential of fatty acids commonly found in fish oil (EPA and DHA) and vegetable oils (linoleic (LA) and alpha-linolenic (ALA) acids), was evaluated in bone-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from gilthead sea bream. At a morphological level, cells adopted a round shape upon all treatments, losing their fibroblastic form and increasing lipid accumulation, especially in the presence of the n-6 PUFA, LA. The mRNA levels of the key transcription factor of osteogenesis, runx2 significantly diminished and those of relevant osteogenic genes remained stable after incubation with all fatty acids, suggesting that the osteogenic process might be compromised. On the other hand, transcript levels of the main adipogenesis-inducer factor, pparg increased in response to EPA. Nevertheless, the specific PPARγ antagonist T0070907 appeared to suppress the effects being caused by EPA over adipogenesis. Moreover, LA, ALA and their combinations, significantly up-regulated the fatty acid transporter and binding protein, fatp1 and fabp11, supporting the elevated lipid content found in the cells treated with those fatty acids. Overall, this study has demonstrated that fatty acids favor lipid storage in gilthead sea bream bone-derived MSCs inducing their fate into the adipogenic versus the osteogenic lineage. This process seems to be promoted via different pathways depending on the fatty acid source, being vegetable oils-derived fatty acids more prone to induce unhealthier metabolic phenotypes.
鱼类富含 n-3 长链多不饱和脂肪酸（LC-PUFA），如二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA），因此对人类健康具有巨大的营养价值。在这项研究中，评估了鱼油（EPA 和 DHA）和植物油（亚油酸（LA）和α-亚麻酸（ALA））中常见脂肪酸在金头鲷骨髓间充质干细胞（MSCs）中的成脂潜力。在形态水平上，所有处理都使细胞呈圆形，失去成纤维形态并增加脂质积累，尤其是在存在 n-6PUFA LA 的情况下。成骨关键转录因子 runt 相关转录因子 2（runx2）的 mRNA 水平显著降低，所有脂肪酸孵育后相关成骨基因的水平保持稳定，表明成骨过程可能受到损害。另一方面，主要的成脂诱导因子过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体 γ（pparg）的转录水平在孵育 EPA 时增加。然而，特定的 PPARγ 拮抗剂 T0070907 似乎抑制了 EPA 对成脂作用的影响。此外，LA、ALA 及其组合显著上调脂肪酸转运蛋白和结合蛋白，脂肪酸转运蛋白 1（fatp1）和脂肪酸结合蛋白 11（fabp11），支持那些用脂肪酸处理的细胞中发现的脂质含量增加。总的来说，这项研究表明，脂肪酸有利于金头鲷骨髓间充质干细胞中的脂质储存，将其命运诱导为成脂细胞而非成骨细胞。这个过程似乎通过不同的途径促进，具体取决于脂肪酸的来源，植物油脂衍生的脂肪酸更容易诱导不健康的代谢表型。
