Patel Shabnum, Burga Rachel A, Powell Allison B, Chorvinsky Elizabeth A, Hoq Nia, McCormack Sarah E, Van Pelt Stacey N, Hanley Patrick J, Cruz Conrad Russell Y
GW Cancer Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States.
Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, United States.
Front Oncol. 2019 Apr 10;9:196. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00196. eCollection 2019.
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cells have successfully harnessed T cell immunity against malignancies, but they are by no means the only cell therapies in development for cancer. Systemic immunity is thought to play a key role in combatting neoplastic disease; in this vein, genetic modifications meant to explore other components of T cell immunity are being evaluated. In addition, other immune cells-from both the innate and adaptive compartments-are in various stages of clinical application. In this review, we focus on these non-CAR T cell immunotherapeutic approaches for malignancy. The first section describes engineering T cells to express non-CAR constructs, and the second section describes other gene-modified cells used to target malignancy. CAR T cell therapies have demonstrated the clinical benefits of harnessing our body's own defenses to combat tumor cells. Similar research is being conducted on lesser known modifications and gene-modified immune cells, which we highlight in this review.
嵌合抗原受体（CAR）修饰的T细胞已成功利用T细胞免疫来对抗恶性肿瘤，但它们绝不是正在研发的唯一癌症细胞疗法。全身免疫被认为在对抗肿瘤疾病中起关键作用；在这方面，旨在探索T细胞免疫其他成分的基因修饰正在评估中。此外，来自先天性和适应性免疫区室的其他免疫细胞正处于临床应用的不同阶段。在本综述中，我们重点关注这些针对恶性肿瘤的非CAR T细胞免疫治疗方法。第一部分描述了工程改造T细胞以表达非CAR构建体，第二部分描述了用于靶向恶性肿瘤的其他基因修饰细胞。CAR T细胞疗法已证明利用人体自身防御机制对抗肿瘤细胞的临床益处。我们在本综述中重点介绍了正在对鲜为人知的修饰和基因修饰免疫细胞进行的类似研究。
