Kongprajug Akechai, Booncharoen Namfon, Jantakee Kanyaluck, Chyerochana Natcha, Mongkolsuk Skorn, Sirikanchana Kwanrawee
Research Laboratory of Biotechnology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road, Talat Bang Khen, Lak Si, Bangkok 10210, Thailand E-mail:
Program in Applied Biological Sciences: Environmental Health, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Lak Si, Bangkok 10210, Thailand.
Water Sci Technol. 2019 Mar;79(5):799-807. doi: 10.2166/wst.2018.460.
Coastal water quality is deteriorating worldwide. Water quality monitoring is therefore essential for public health risk evaluation and the management of water bodies. This study investigated the feasibility of using bacteriophages of Enterococcus faecalis as sewage-specific faecal indicators, together with physicochemical (dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature and total suspended solids) and biological parameters, to assess coastal water quality using multivariate analysis incorporating non-detects. The principal component and cluster analyses demonstrated that coastal water quality was mostly influenced by biological parameters, including Escherichia coli and total coliforms, which were found in all 31 sampling sites, and enterococci, which was found in all but two sampling sites. The enterococcal bacteriophages AIM06 and SR14 were detected in 17 and 18 samples at concentrations up to 1,815 and 2,790 PFU/100 mL, respectively. Both bacteriophages co-presented in approximately 80% of phage-positive samples, and the concentrations at each site were not significantly different. Overall, either bacteriophage could be used to differentiate high- and low-level coastal water pollution, as grouped by cluster analysis. This study is the first to investigate the suitability of sewage-specific bacteriophages of E. faecalis for monitoring coastal water quality and emphasises the importance of a multivariate analysis with non-detects to facilitate coastal water quality monitoring and management.
全球沿海水质正在恶化。因此，水质监测对于公共卫生风险评估和水体管理至关重要。本研究调查了使用粪肠球菌噬菌体作为污水特异性粪便指标的可行性，结合物理化学参数（溶解氧、pH值、温度和总悬浮固体）和生物学参数，采用纳入未检出值的多变量分析来评估沿海水质。主成分分析和聚类分析表明，沿海水质主要受生物学参数影响，包括在所有31个采样点均检测到的大肠杆菌和总大肠菌群，以及除两个采样点外其他所有采样点均检测到的肠球菌。在17个和18个样本中分别检测到粪肠球菌噬菌体AIM06和SR14，浓度分别高达1815和2790 PFU/100 mL。两种噬菌体在约80%的噬菌体阳性样本中同时出现，且每个采样点的浓度无显著差异。总体而言，通过聚类分析分组，两种噬菌体均可用于区分沿海高、低水平水污染。本研究首次调查了粪肠球菌污水特异性噬菌体用于监测沿海水质的适用性，并强调了纳入未检出值的多变量分析对于促进沿海水质监测和管理的重要性。
