Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular and Public Health Sciences, University of Padova, Italy.
Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular and Public Health Sciences, University of Padova, Italy.
Pharmacol Res. 2019 Jun;144:306-314. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.04.027. Epub 2019 Apr 25.
The spectrum of arrhythmias that may be encountered in athletes ranges from isolated ectopic beats to ventricular tachycardia, usually in the context of a structurally normal heart. Anti-arrhythmic therapy in these individuals may be particularly challenging because of the young age, the hypervagotonic state, the desire to maintain a high physical performance, the reluctance to take medications and the need to avoid molecules included in the list of prohibited drugs of the World Anti-Doping Agency. Furthermore, the possible serious adverse effects of anti-arrhythmic drugs should be balanced against the benign nature of arrhythmias in patients with no underlying heart disease. The review summarizes the most common arrhythmias of athletes and the possible therapeutic options, including anti-arrhythmic drugs and non-pharmacological interventions. Eligibility criteria according to current guidelines are also addressed.
运动员可能遇到的心律失常谱范围从孤立性异位搏动到室性心动过速，通常在结构正常的心脏背景下。由于年龄较轻、迷走神经张力过高、希望保持较高的身体表现、不愿意服用药物以及需要避免世界反兴奋剂机构禁用药物名单中的分子，这些个体的抗心律失常治疗可能特别具有挑战性。此外，抗心律失常药物可能出现的严重不良反应，应与无潜在心脏病患者的心律失常的良性性质相平衡。该综述总结了运动员中最常见的心律失常和可能的治疗选择，包括抗心律失常药物和非药物干预。还讨论了根据当前指南的合格标准。
